How to distinguish between paste and hand-painted porcelain

Decals is how the case » Decal for a dedicated production plant production, not size, it is based on customer requirements or custom design their own creation, in stores selling. Production of individuals and porcelain manufacturers can be purchased straightforward, paste, and sent on to the burning. No skill, effort or cost, of workers, Xingliao, time-saving and suitable for mass production. Such as household porcelain, ceramic, etc. furnishings. Greatly reducing costs. Technology is also now widely used paste porcelain Huaci. Decals whether there are collections of porcelain, it depends on the characteristics and history of the number of size, can not generalize. Favourites to try to avoid decals porcelain. How to distinguish between Huaci paste and hand-painted porcelain. Here are some simple ways to learn. First, look at the distinctive pattern of decoration. A lot of porcelain, on, under, left, right edge, often decorated with a circle logo. The logo decals, graphics will appear generally stacked pay, dislocation, the joint gap of three conditions. Such as tanks, bowls, cups, bottles and so on. Second, look at the sometimes found lacking in color, like Chongyao too. This is due to Decal in transit, or operation Nongdiao decals on paper some of the ceramic paint Suozhi, but not necessarily arise, it is necessary to look at. Third, look at the symmetry, or the same pattern. Each local, paste Huaci basically the same. And the hand-painted certainly can not do the same. This is important. 4, spherical geometry of porcelain (such as the celestial sphere bottles), the large area for the integrity of the graphic art figures, birds and flowers, landscape, is not decals, otherwise there will be folding phenomenon. 5, blue and white porcelain water separation process done, you can not determine the decals. 6, from the color of the judgement. Whether Glazed, Youxia Decal, speaking from the process, ceramic pigment attached to the limited thickness, the depth of color are difficult to resolve. For a certain color, such as yellow, the color will appear in all of this the whole screen, will be basically the same. This is the most important difference between methods. 7, a spherical geometry of the porcelain, it's Decal, often multi-chip Decal fight block component, such as landscapes, to the overall effect of painting also add some logo. This will be the same colors (such as blue and white colors), hand-painted and decals there is the phenomenon of the same hue. If the bottle, Yuan Circle Line are decorated with hand-painted, the colors are often associated with the same kind of decals is not the same color tones. 8, decals and hand-painted porcelain at the same time, the performance of the decorative pattern from top to bottom with decals, key parts hand-painted. But this is the picture painted by extension in the Blank Paper or porcelain, artificial color again. Fish tank used more. Where porcelain spent on decals, regardless of how many, this porcelain can not be too expensive. 9, from the porcelain of the analysis, Huaci paste porcelain body regardless of whether its high-Pak Nai, most are rather rough. High daily except porcelain. Good porcelain body will not use decals. 10, Chaozhou porcelain are now seeing the decals. Moreover, Jingdezhen porcelain with Chaozhou Decal is also very common.

Porcelain tea set

Many varieties of porcelain tea sets, which were mainly: Celadon Tea, white porcelain tea, black tea and porcelain Caici with. These tea in the development history of Chinese tea culture, have had a brilliant one. ⑴ Celadon Tea production in Zhejiang to the best quality. As early as the Eastern Han dynasty years, has begun production of pure color, transparent LED Celadon. Jin Dynasty Zhejiang Yue Yao, Wu-kiln, has been a very kilns Ou scale. Song, Ming Yao as one of the top five at the time of Longquan, Zhejiang Geyao production Celadon Tea, has reached its peak period, exported around. Ming Dynasty, porcelain tea sets with more delicate texture, shape dignified, glaze Tsing-ying, Alice patterns and renowned Chinese and foreign. 16 end of the century, Longquan celadon exports of France, the French rocked the whole, people then were swept in Europe drama "Mu Yangnv" the actress Celadon Qingpao compared with the beautiful, said the Longquan celadon "Celadon" Xi Shi regarded as treasures. Contemporary, Zhejiang Longquan celadon tea have a new development and new products come out. In addition to this tea with the many advantages of porcelain tea sets, because of the color green, used to brew green tea, the more useful Tangse beauty. However, use it to brew tea, white tea, yellow tea, Heicha, tea is easy to lose their true colors, seems to be inadequate. ⑵ a blank white porcelain tea sets of dense transparent, glazing, high-fire pottery, non-absorbent, the sound-and-rhyme and so on. Because of the color white, to reflect the color of tea, heat, insulation performance moderate, plus the colourful and varied form,tea utensils in the treasures. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Hebei Xingyao production of white porcelain utensils have been "World without Guijian GM to." Bai Juyi Tang also spoke highly of Sichuan Zuoshi Dayi production of white porcelain Chawan. Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi white porcelain tea sets have been sold abroad. Today, the white porcelain tea is whole new world. This white glaze tea, suitable for all types of tea brewing. In addition, sophisticated modeling white porcelain tea sets, decorative elegance, its outer wall decorated with mountains and rivers more, the four seasons flowers, Feiqinzoushou, people stories, or made up to celebrities calligraphy, art appreciation and considerable value, so use is most common. ⑶ black porcelain tea set Black porcelain tea sets, began in late Tang Dynasty, in the heyday Song, the continuation of the yuan, the decline in the Ming and Qing, this is because since the beginning of the Song Dynasty, tea drinking Tang, JIANCHALING method has been gradually changing for the point of tea, and the Song Dynasty popular The bucket of tea, porcelain tea sets and for creating the conditions for the rise. Song Doo measure the effect of tea, tea Miantang see a flower color and evenness, "little white" for the first; look at the flower soup and tea beacon phase grounding the availability of water marks and the sooner or later, the "beacon water mark" For the last. When the Third Division to the Jishi Zhong Cai Xiang, in his "tea recorded" very aware of, say: "Depending on its fresh-looking, a great beacon for traces of water; Jian'an Doo try to water mark for the first persons Negative and durable as those wins. "And black porcelain tea sets, as in the Song Dynasty Zhu Muzhi," Fang Yu-Glance, "said the" white-brown, dark-, its easy to track post-mortem. " Therefore, the Song Dynasty porcelain black tea beacon, a porcelain tea service in the largest varieties. Jian kilns in Fujian, Jiangxi, Kyrgyzstan kiln, Yuci in Shanxi kiln, have manufactured significant quantities of black porcelain tea set, porcelain tea sets and become the main origin. The black porcelain tea sets Yaochang, built kiln production of "build beacon" most commendable. Cai Xiang "in the tea" in this way: "…… Jian'an who created the most use. His Department, or thin or the color purple Cardholder should not and also." Beacon built a unique formula, in the burning process Zhongshi glaze Tu Hao-show stripes, Partridge dot, dot, Yao, once the tea into the beacon, Can be emitted colorful scene of the glorious little to increase the bucket of tea taste. Ming Dynasty, because of "cooking," Song of the law and different, and built porcelain lamp, "it should not be used" only as "to prepare a". ⑷ Caici Tea Fancy tea color of many species, especially the most eye-catching Qinghua Ci tea. Qinghua Ci Tea, in fact, refers to the color of cobalt oxide for the Citai painted directly on the pictorial decoration, and then applying a layer of transparent glaze and then in 1300 ℃ around the kiln temperature reduction firing from the apparatus. However, the "blue and white" color "green" understanding of ancient and modern are also different. The ancients will be black, blue, green, green color, and so all collectively referred to as "Green", the "blue and white" than the meaning of modern people to Kwong. It is characterized by: Xiangyingchengqu blue and white patterns, a feast for the eyes of the sense of elegant colors You Ching Keren, instead, Yan's influence. In addition, color glaze material on the Tu, it is moisture bright, blue and white tea has added more charm. Until the Yuan Dynasty in the late Qing Huaci began mass production of tea, in particular, Jingdezhen, China's Qinghua Ci tea has become a major production. Qinghua Ci tea because of the high level of painting, especially traditional Chinese painting techniques used in porcelain, so it can be said that the Yuan Dynasty painting a major achievement. After the Yuan Dynasty blue and white tea production in addition to Jingdezhen, in Yuxi, Yunnan, construction of water, Zhejiang Jiangshan, and other places also have a small amount of Qinghua Ci tea production, but it is the glaze, Taizhi, or ornamentation, painting skills, and are not the same period Jingdezhen Tea production compared with the Qinghua Ci. Ming dynasty, the Qing Huaci tea production in Jingdezhen, such as teapots, Chazhong, tea beacon, more and more color varieties, the quality of increasingly refined, both for form, shape, decoration and so Guanjue the country and become Other blue and white tea production Yaochang imitate the target of the Qing Dynasty, in particular the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong period, Qinghua Ci tea in the development history of ancient ceramics, have entered a historical peak, beyond its former, the impact on future generations. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Huaci years produced apparatus, is Shicheng, "most of the Qing Dynasty." Looking at Ming and Qing period, because Zhici improve technology, socio-economic development, expanding exports, tea and the method of change, both blue and white tea to be a rapid development, then in addition to blue and white tea production in Jingdezhen, the more influential also Jiangxi is the Ji'an, Leping, Guangdong's Chaozhou, Jieyang, Boluo, the Yuxi, Yunnan, Sichuan will be justified in Fujian, the German, Anxi, and other places. In addition, there are many local production of the "blue and white soil," Tea, in a certain area, tea for civil use.

Porcelain tea set

Many varieties of porcelain tea sets, which were mainly: Celadon Tea, white porcelain tea, black tea and porcelain Caici with. These tea in the development history of Chinese tea culture, have had a brilliant one. ⑴ Celadon Tea production in Zhejiang to the best quality. As early as the Eastern Han dynasty years, has begun production of pure color, transparent LED Celadon. Jin Dynasty Zhejiang Yue Yao, Wu-kiln, has been a very kilns Ou scale. Song, Ming Yao as one of the top five at the time of Longquan, Zhejiang Geyao production Celadon Tea, has reached its peak period, exported around. Ming Dynasty, porcelain tea sets with more delicate texture, shape dignified, glaze Tsing-ying, Alice patterns and renowned Chinese and foreign. 16 end of the century, Longquan celadon exports of France, the French rocked the whole, people then were swept in Europe drama "Mu Yangnv" the actress Celadon Qingpao compared with the beautiful, said the Longquan celadon "Celadon" Xi Shi regarded as treasures. Contemporary, Zhejiang Longquan celadon tea have a new development and new products come out. In addition to this tea with the many advantages of porcelain tea sets, because of the color green, used to brew green tea, the more useful Tangse beauty. However, use it to brew tea, white tea, yellow tea, Heicha, tea is easy to lose their true colors, seems to be inadequate. ⑵ a blank white porcelain tea sets of dense transparent, glazing, high-fire pottery, non-absorbent, the sound-and-rhyme and so on. Because of the color white, to reflect the color of tea, heat, insulation performance moderate, plus the colourful and varied form,堪称tea utensils in the treasures. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Hebei Xingyao production of white porcelain utensils have been "World without Guijian GM to." Bai Juyi Tang also spoke highly of Sichuan Zuoshi Dayi production of white porcelain Chawan. Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi white porcelain tea sets have been sold abroad. Today, the white porcelain tea is whole new world. This white glaze tea, suitable for all types of tea brewing. In addition, sophisticated modeling white porcelain tea sets, decorative elegance, its outer wall decorated with mountains and rivers more, the four seasons flowers, Feiqinzoushou, people stories, or made up to celebrities calligraphy, art appreciation and considerable value, so use is most common. ⑶ black porcelain tea set Black porcelain tea sets, began in late Tang Dynasty, in the heyday Song, the continuation of the yuan, the decline in the Ming and Qing, this is because since the beginning of the Song Dynasty, tea drinking Tang, JIANCHALING method has been gradually changing for the point of tea, and the Song Dynasty popular The bucket of tea, porcelain tea sets and for creating the conditions for the rise. Song Doo measure the effect of tea, tea Miantang see a flower color and evenness, "little white" for the first; look at the flower soup and tea beacon phase grounding the availability of water marks and the sooner or later, the "beacon water mark" For the last. When the Third Division to the Jishi Zhong Cai Xiang, in his "tea recorded" very aware of, say: "Depending on its fresh-looking, a great beacon for traces of water; Jian'an Doo try to water mark for the first persons Negative and durable as those wins. "And black porcelain tea sets, as in the Song Dynasty Zhu Muzhi," Fang Yu-Glance, "said the" white-brown, dark-, its easy to track post-mortem. " Therefore, the Song Dynasty porcelain black tea beacon, a porcelain tea service in the largest varieties. Jian kilns in Fujian, Jiangxi, Kyrgyzstan kiln, Yuci in Shanxi kiln, have manufactured significant quantities of black porcelain tea set, porcelain tea sets and become the main origin. The black porcelain tea sets Yaochang, built kiln production of "build beacon" most commendable. Cai Xiang "in the tea" in this way: "…… Jian'an who created the most use. His Department, or thin or the color purple Cardholder should not and also." Beacon built a unique formula, in the burning process Zhongshi glaze Tu Hao-show stripes, Partridge dot, dot, Yao, once the tea into the beacon, Can be emitted colorful scene of the glorious little to increase the bucket of tea taste. Ming Dynasty, because of "cooking," Song of the law and different, and built porcelain lamp, "it should not be used" only as "to prepare a". ⑷ Caici Tea Fancy tea color of many species, especially the most eye-catching Qinghua Ci tea. Qinghua Ci Tea, in fact, refers to the color of cobalt oxide for the Citai painted directly on the pictorial decoration, and then applying a layer of transparent glaze and then in 1300 ℃ around the kiln temperature reduction firing from the apparatus. However, the "blue and white" color "green" understanding of ancient and modern are also different. The ancients will be black, blue, green, green color, and so all collectively referred to as "Green", the "blue and white" than the meaning of modern people to Kwong. It is characterized by: Xiangyingchengqu blue and white patterns, a feast for the eyes of the sense of elegant colors You Ching Keren, instead, Yan's influence. In addition, color glaze material on the Tu, it is moisture bright, blue and white tea has added more charm. Until the Yuan Dynasty in the late Qing Huaci began mass production of tea, in particular, Jingdezhen, China's Qinghua Ci tea has become a major production. Qinghua Ci tea because of the high level of painting, especially traditional Chinese painting techniques used in porcelain, so it can be said that the Yuan Dynasty painting a major achievement. After the Yuan Dynasty blue and white tea production in addition to Jingdezhen, in Yuxi, Yunnan, construction of water, Zhejiang Jiangshan, and other places also have a small amount of Qinghua Ci tea production, but it is the glaze, Taizhi, or ornamentation, painting skills, and are not the same period Jingdezhen Tea production compared with the Qinghua Ci. Ming dynasty, the Qing Huaci tea production in Jingdezhen, such as teapots, Chazhong, tea beacon, more and more color varieties, the quality of increasingly refined, both for form, shape, decoration and so Guanjue the country and become Other blue and white tea production Yaochang imitate the target of the Qing Dynasty, in particular the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong period, Qinghua Ci tea in the development history of ancient ceramics, have entered a historical peak, beyond its former, the impact on future generations. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Huaci years produced apparatus, is Shicheng, "most of the Qing Dynasty." Looking at Ming and Qing period, because Zhici improve technology, socio-economic development, expanding exports, tea and the method of change, both blue and white tea to be a rapid development, then in addition to blue and white tea production in Jingdezhen, the more influential also Jiangxi is the Ji'an, Leping, Guangdong's Chaozhou, Jieyang, Boluo, the Yuxi, Yunnan, Sichuan will be justified in Fujian, the German, Anxi, and other places. In addition, there are many local production of the "blue and white soil," Tea, in a certain area, tea for civil use.

How to identify the quality of the porcelain

1, the method of identifying porcelain There is a buy porcelain, "the word tactic" that "can" and "listen" and "than" and "test." "See" inside and outside is to carefully observe the porcelain from top to bottom again. To see whether a glazed porcelain smooth lubrication, whether scratches, holes, black spots and bubbles; two to see whether the regular shape, whether deformation; screen to see a non-destructive three missing; four look at the bottom of the formation, to be placed smooth, No Burr. "Listen" is listening to gently bomb call at the sound of porcelain. Such as voice clear, beautiful, detailed description Citai dense, non-cleaved loss, in high-temperature firing, full of porcelain. Usual dumb such as voice, we can conclude that a split Citai loss, or not entirely of porcelain, pottery such as hot and cold changes, easy to crack. "Than" is compared. The matching porcelain, to compare the various accessories, look at its shape and decorative screen is coordinated. In particular set of refined porcelain blue and white or blue and white, blue and white color because of differences with the firing temperature changes, so the same Qinghua Ci, colors have a shallow depth, and even a few pieces of dozens of sets of cold Porcelain, such as the blue and white color of a significant difference, it is much worse on the porcelain. "Trial" is covered test, test equipment, test. Some porcelain with lids, some porcelain from a combination of several components, in the selection of porcelain, do not forget to try to cover the lid, the components will be assembled to try to see if appropriate. In addition, some porcelain with special features such as water dripping from Kwun Yam, automatically dripping; Kowloon fair Cup, Zhenman liquor to a certain position, will all Louguang. So to the test to see whether its normal function. 2, the optional ceramic tableware Ceramic tableware modeling diverse and delicate smoothness, color Ming and easy cleaning, the majority of families to buy food of choice. However, on the surface of the ceramic Cai You may have a health killer. Caiyou of lead, mercury, radium, cadmium, and so are the body of harmful elements. Radioactive element radium will be anti-white blood cell count. Cadmium, lead and mercury are heavy metal, cadmium and lead will cause liver or other organs poisoning, mercury will cause liver and kidney sclerosis. The use of unqualified ceramic products, the dissolution of these harmful substances will, as the food enters the human body, Shijianyichang will cause chronic poisoning. At the same time, the production of ceramic clay must also pay attention to, poor quality of clay containing microorganisms and more harmful substances, even on Cai You will not damage human health. So the specifications and quality of products is particularly important to target the basic Caiyou ceramic no harm to the human body, it looks clean non-color pottery utensils may lay hidden danger to health. In the purchase and use of ceramic tableware, it is necessary to note the following: 1) the purchase of ceramic tableware must choose the informal market, the purchase must not Tanbian Yi no official manufacturer of low-grade products. State regulations, ceramic tableware will be placed in four percent of the acetic acid in the soaking, the dissolution of lead should not be larger than 7 mg / l, the dissolution of cadmium should not be greater than 0.5 mg / l. At present the formal basic products manufacturers can meet this requirement; 2) look at the time of purchase to the attention of the Condition utensils, cutlery hand touching the surface of the wall to see bright and clean; 3) the nose hear whether there is a smell; 4) Do not buy too bright colors of ceramic tableware. To make colorful, manufacturers in the glaze, with some heavy metal additives, so the bright colors of tableware, the easier it is of heavy metals; 5) the purchase of raw materials, more stringent control of the glaze Zhongcai, Youxia color tableware; 6) the use of utensils in boiling water before cooking with five minutes, or use vinegar soaked 2-3 minutes, tableware to the dissolution of toxic substances. 3, the optional ceramic art China's display-art ceramics, pottery and porcelain at two major categories. Tao is the main origin: Zisha Hu said in the flower pots and pottery are Yixing in Jiangsu; Taosu figures and animals in Guangdong Shiwan Kyo modeling; Tang Sancai also the production of Luoyang in Henan Province, production of Shanxi Hunyuan Heiyou pottery production Hand carved Sichuan pottery Rongchang. The main porcelain production are: to produce blue and white, Linglong, Fencai, color glaze porcelain of the four major traditional Mingci are Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province; Youxia multicolored decorative ceramic art famous for Hunan Liling; production also rained carved ceramic glaze and innovative art Shandong Zibo production Huayou porcelain and ivory in Handan, Hebei; white porcelain production of the Fujian Germany; celadon production of Longquan, Zhejiang and production Glazed Choi Huaci Chaozhou in Guangdong, production imitation of the Southern Song Dynasty porcelain art GUANYAO Zhejiang Xiaoshan, and so on. Furnishings ceramic art as a commodity, the price is not higher the better, and this requires careful to identify. You Xia and Cai Qinghua Ci, for example, depends on whether the painting work of skilled, clear, color is Yingrun, transparent, with attention to someone posing as Glazed Youxia, confused as real ones; Youxia decoration of freehand brushwork Meticulous attention must be hand-drawn, not printing , Decals and color to light. Then there to see the overall effect, whether Chou Cheng-chih, there deformation, glazed whether bright and clean, there Chromaticity abnormal. Finally, choose furnishings ceramic art during the day to light a good place, and the lighting often to error. The porcelain shells can be gently higher, listening to voices loud and clear, there are cracks in ceramic hoarse voice.