Huo kiln

First, in the early Tang Dynasty, Jingdezhen Huozhong the auspices of the kiln. Seen at the earliest, "Jingdezhen ceramics were recorded," Juan Wu: "Huo kiln, and also color-porcelain kilns, Shan tired of soil quality thin jade Zhen Jia-ying, who, for the East by the beginning of Huo Zhong Shan Liren, at the time called for the Hall device. Chi town contained Tang Chao Takenori four years of the new civilian Huo Zhong Yu Jin-primary system. "Huo had not kilns, Jingdezhen has been found, according to the three sites were the Five Dynasties period, white celadon burn method used again and again, enough to have a bowl of heart Bowl Support burn marks. Diego fire is a relatively primitive methods, Takenori four years, Tang (621), about 300 years earlier than about the Five Dynasties, the firing may be more original. It contains as porcelain into the Royal for a doubt.

Second, in this Chencun Shan Xi Huo County in the vicinity of the ancient kiln, also known as John kiln, Huo Xian kiln. See "Peng kiln." In a burning gold and Sheng Yuan, at the end of the Qing Dynasty, in order to burn mainly white. Identification and characteristics of their products is the key:

1. matrix and delicate white, but not tight. White glaze.
2. products like Ding Zheyao set, light up, wash, the Cup's best, and so on Gaiguan, very thin rim, regular production.
3. decorated only see a small amount of printing, most of them non-light pattern. See Zheyao have set within six straight line pattern of India.
4. implements a full circle cut-side in general, there is no adequate glaze, which clearly marks rotation. Jin Pan Wan dig deep enough, the inner circle scratch glaze (that is, "Shibuya Circle"). Dig shallow enough products in the Yuan Dynasty.
5. equipment used method of burning sticks burn nail stack, inside the dishes and general foot-5 left small nail marks, and Ding different.
6. Ding tear characteristics of a white glaze, kiln Huo did not.
7. and the Yuan Dynasty also burn white flower varieties, color-child Hui Huang, a Tai Zhi Song, a bowl of lip products, such as the Cup's best.
8. of the Ming and Qing dynasties draw more flowers, and a small amount of written text.

Imitation of porcelain with the identification

Chinese porcelain is one of the great inventions. For thousands of years, the ancient craftsmen have created many exquisite porcelain art treasures, cultural relics down to become a great treasure house of wealth. In these relics in all of the representative of the times and blazing new trails to make, but also future generations of imitation, all showed superb skill porcelain. On antique porcelain, as early as the Song Dynasty, the Ming Yao will have several other parts of the kiln by way of imitation. In the Yuan Dynasty porcelain, on behalf of the Font Ware and Ding is more prominent. In particular, the Ming and Qing dynasties, like the previous generation, more prosperous and porcelain, North Korea has not stopped. Fake goods production technology updates, and some reached the "spurious", some even more than the original level, and different times of imitation goods in order to enrich the porcelain.

"There are people out to fine the United States to the world are out of Jingdezhen porcelain." Jingdezhen Porcelain kiln regardless of the Ming Dynasty, Min Yao are very prosperous. Jingdezhen, the imperial court was set up in the "Royal Factory", the burning palace for the use of porcelain. Queen's porcelain production in the process of production has produced a number of famous antique porcelain. Qing Lan Pu, "Jingdezhen ceramics recorded" record, Ming Jiajing, Long Khanh, like to Xuande, integrated and porcelain fame Cui Mao, the so-called kiln Cui Gong, Min Yao was number one. Quan and Zhou Dan, "particularly fine antique porcelain, each of the brands that compete repurchase of the Quartet." Over 19 million Hao, born imitation white porcelain, the "egg cup screen", "Liu Xia light," the most well-known.

Wing-lok, Xuande, three integrated North Korea is the golden age of the Ming Dynasty Porcelain. In general, Wing-lok, porcelain Xuande "for the bright red treasure", "blue for your"; made of porcelain is a prize fight of the world. At that time, however, in the antique porcelain is also no less significant. From the existing collection, this time like burning kiln in Jingdezhen of Ru, Colombia, Longquan, such as Ming Yao Song Dynasty porcelain, fine level of the Song Dynasty as the real thing (see: green-glazed Ming Chui Wing-lok three-line Gaiguan; out like Xuande Wen Ge ware glaze chip bowl). By the late Ming Jiajing, Wanli period, and changes in style, thick porcelain matrix, singular pursuit of extravagant and colorful, complex patterns mattress. However, due to national strength gradually decline, the overall reduction in the level of technology, people in ancient times held in high esteem by the early Ming porcelain. Wang Shizhen, such as "Gu Gu is not recorded," said: "The past 15 years suddenly re-Xuande, as well as the Wing-lok, the price is also integrated by 10 times." Shen Fu "shabby broom Xuan left language," said: "The Xuande the most expensive goods, as recently re-kiln, the sun above the kiln." "Record of Emperor" is more "fashion Shenzong food integrated omae a pair of color cup chicken, worth hundreds of thousands" (See: Ming Choi Doo-integrated chicken Cup-cylinder). In this way, in the late Ming Fang Xie disputes in the former administration, in order to Xuande like, the most common integrated section.

Kiln history

Ding fired in a late Tang Dynasty. From then until the Five Dynasties Ding ware, but also more simple and rough, with a bowl-type mainly to the fine porcelain is in a transitional stage. But in the latter part of the Five Dynasties, Ding white porcelain first appeared in a fundamental leap forward. The porcelain is no longer burning Shi soil make-up, fetal, showing a fine glaze, white and thin features. Some of the artifacts even more than the whiteness of fine white porcelain Xingyao.

Northern Song Dynasty Ding is the development of the peak, there are a number of porcelain techniques to create and progress. In the latter part of the Northern Song Dynasty, porcelain Ding due to sophisticated, elegant color, beautiful decoration, was selected as the government palace in the Song Dynasty porcelain used to increase value, popular products.

Ding in the Northern Song Dynasty, "Jingkang change", because of Bingzai year after year, and decline gradually abandoned. Jin Chinese rule in the north, Ding Porcelain was quickly restored, some as the level of production during the Northern Song Dynasty. From the dragon and phoenix patterns are some of the artifacts, the Ding is also a product like the rulers of the Jin Dynasty porcelain varieties. In the Yuan Dynasty, Ding has gradually decline.

To the 1970s, porcelain set in the silence for many years after entering the recovery phase. Quyang Porcelain Co., Ltd. will be some pain in putting them through the hundreds of experimental studies, in the style of the ancients on the basis of innovation, the successful development of the antique, art, the three major series of day-to-day processes more than 200 kinds of products, product display in the award-winning domestic product Have been exported to the United States, Japan, Canada, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, more than a dozen countries and regions.

Ding varieties

Ding-based products are white, firing butter, red, black and other valuable species such as black porcelain (black), purple glaze (purple), green (green), red glaze (red set) And so on are all in white Citai, Se You cast a layer of high temperature. Liu Qi Yuan "to the submarine-Zhi", "Hua Ci Dingzhou Ca Mau, the white color of the world." Can be seen in Ding was not only popular, and a larger production. Song Dynasty poet Su Dongpo in Dingzhou, had "Dingzhou Huaci Hong-Yu Zhuo," the poem to praise the colorful porcelain Ding.

Chaozhou kiln site

Beacon Hill Chaozhou kiln ruins are located in Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province, east of the West Beacon Hill, his age as Song (960 -1279).

The site of numerous sites, known as "Yaocun hundred", also known as "water kiln East", "White kiln." 6 Long Yao has now discovered that a class kiln, the biggest Longyao grew 79.5 meters residues have been repaired. There are green-glazed porcelain products, including Blue and White Porcelain, green porcelain white, brown sauce, such as Blue and White Porcelain, Green-based white glaze porcelain. There are types of bottles, pots, cans, bowls, plates, lamps, cups, lamps, heaters and so on the daily life of Weight and dogs, horses, lions, and other toy animals as well as portraits and so on, form neat, clean Taizhi detailed, smooth glazed, glaze water Thinner. Some artifacts also carved designs, flowers, and other techniques to draw decorative patterns.

The kiln was found in Chaozhou

In 1922, Chaozhou sheep nose Kong 4 of the Song Dynasty unearthed porcelain Buddha. 4 This is rather unusual because the Buddha while scholars raised concerns: First, the Buddha Sakyamuni is the hair of the beard. Hu has domestic Nyorai only as big Grottoes in Gansu Province and in this case, but this issue involves the history of Buddhism, not to get to the bottom of this article. Second, the Buddhist inscription led to the History of Chaozhou ceramics, kiln of Chaozhou sleeping millennium from re-known around the world.

Is the inscription engraved on the pedestal Buddha, in which a total of 71 words, is the longest in China Ancient inscriptions. I will include the name of the kiln (kiln Chaozhou water in the East) and artisan-made and the name, date of the firing device and use (Song Xi-ning 2002). Clearly tell the people, kiln of Chaozhou water in the East in 1069 has produced a high-quality white porcelain statues.

Jao Tsung-I previous years, Mr. Chow has been kiln groundbreaking research, his "Chao said, a little porcelain," published in 1955 in Japan, by the influx of porcelain ceramic industry in the world. At the same time, domestic cultural relics departments of Chaozhou kiln sites for large-scale survey discovered, confirmed the Chaozhou suburbs have a large number of sites of the Tang and Song dynasties. Tang them concentrated in the northern suburbs kiln, is capable of producing beautiful blue porcelain, the representative is now in the possession of Chaozhou City, the museum's four-petal mouth celadon bowl, is a "green plums" glaze, the piece of ice cracks, and Ge ware similar to the famous .

Hanjiang River on the east coast of Beacon Hill, Song is the focus of the kiln, and another ancient "water kiln East" and "a hundred Yaocun." 2 km stretch in the range of tiles and around the Ruins of Old Kilns, which was written "in ancient Chinese sites" Phileas known as the sites of most Chinese. Is now cleared and opened to the public on the 10th of the remnant sites as long as 80 meters, the door hung with the national key cultural unit of the brand, an ancient technique to burn the most advanced class kiln, experts estimated that each year a furnace capable of producing hundreds of thousands Pieces of porcelain.

According to the unearthed pottery, kiln of Chaozhou in the Song Dynasty produces white Qing (Ching Ying), followed by blue and white porcelain, and so on, include bowls, plates, and other daily-use porcelain and figures, toys, porcelain, and other technology. Some special items, such as the head of the Westerners, Western military and holding dogs (used Jingping Muslims), and so on, Chaozhou porcelain that are export-orientated, but also accepted the special foreign orders.

From the beginning of the Middle Ages, the sea, "ceramic road" replaced the desert of the "Silk Road" in ancient China's foreign trade has become the main channel. China is both a fine Chinese porcelain "CHINA" synonymous with many countries in the world of luxury goods and daily necessities of the people. As a luxury, Longquan Jing Ming Yao, and so if your name device gold, should be taken only for the collection or decoration; as daily necessities, from the coastal Guangdong and Fujian's Min Yao fired porcelain, and cheap to meet the huge overseas markets Demand. This is the ancient kiln Chaozhou external reasons for the rise.

Beacon Hill's put out a fire in the Yuan, replaced the western suburbs of the kiln and Feng Xi Raoping nine village kiln. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, was a foreign referred to as "Shantou" or "Clark porcelain" export porcelain, but also in eastern Guangdong and Fujian seaside raging burning of.

Jingdezhen porcelain traditional process

At the State Department released the first batch of 24 national historical and cultural city, Jingdezhen is one of only a craft to that of the city. Jingdezhen has only two thousand years of history of porcelain, and to the eighteenth century, the Qing Dynasty porcelain has been set in ancient art of Tai Shing. In this regard, "Jingdezhen ceramics were recorded" in the Qing Dynasty on the following Tong when the kiln is described: "Turkey knows vein, Huoxing, the selection of various materials, are created Ying Jing-wide net. Ancient Ming Yao and Xiao Fang Zhu, All comparable; like all kinds of glaze, to name just a coincidence; extraction was able to work, are prepared sung; Yang Zi and the new system, law and so on ... ... Green glaze containers. Turkish soil was white, but rather Hanishina thick-tired. Kiln plant now, Having a combination of different opinions. " Its achievements in technology, mainly the following aspects: The selection and preparation of raw materials, not content with simply the use of porcelain stone, the success of the Yuan Dynasty to the use of kaolin, fired into a hard porcelain, so that high-Jingdezhen into place names of the Village "KaoLin" of the international mineralogical term.

The tool porcelain and methods of continuous improvement, so blank, blank and India, Lee Blank, glazing techniques, such as rising to the success of the Ming Dynasty can Shaozao caliber of the one-meter-long large-cylinder, it can be used Shaozao thin as the cicada's wings "Egg cup screen," porcelain sculpture of the process is also amazing.

In the Tang Dynasty, and some blue and white porcelain kiln I have been early, but the maturity of the blue and white porcelain produced in Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty, so that developed into a blue and white Chinese ceramics is a mainstream in Jingdezhen. Other inheritance, development and innovation of the glaze varieties too numerous to mention.

In the long history of porcelain, Shaozao Jingdezhen porcelain is the use of the Long Yao's popularity in the South, the North also used the popular Horseshoe kiln, and the comprehensive advantages of the two kiln to create a gourd, so that after the development of the town for the kiln -- Egg-shaped kiln, the traditional masonry of the kiln firing process and equipment development to the highest level. Eight years of Qianlong (1743 AD) Governor TANG Ying Tao Guan have taken it for granted for the "Tao said that the government plans" 20, of the porcelain was processes were made and painted the image detail. Chiang Chi in the "Tao in mind," and Song of the stars should be "Heavenly Creations" were reflected when the Jingdezhen Song and Yuan and Ming dynasty porcelain technology, the TANG Ying, "said Tao Ye map" Jingdezhen Porcelain for the peak technology achievements made General summary.

Ceramic Intellectual Property Information Center listed in Jingdezhen

Chinese ceramics intellectual property information center set up at the Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, China's ceramic industry's only state-level ceramic intellectual property information center. It will carry out the patent literature ceramic collection, sorting, processing and dissemination, as well as domestic and foreign patents ceramic investigation, analysis, research, and other public services, provided by the Government for the development strategy of intellectual property rights ceramics research, but also for industry Ceramic to carry out a patent search, as well as the promotion of intellectual property rights, and other advisory services, and step by step to the trademark, copyright expansion of services.

State Intellectual Property Office deputy director of Xingsheng only in the opening ceremony, Chinese ceramics intellectual property information center will make full use of patent information resources, increase the training of patent searches, patent data in a timely manner to maintain and update.

Chinese ceramics intellectual property information network will also be officially opened at the same time. Information Network will be using ceramics intellectual property information center platform for Chinese ceramics industry with domestic and foreign patent consultation, to find other services to facilitate the ceramic industry with innovative technology to upgrade the industry.

Zhang Jingshou works

Zhang Jingshou king of birds and flowers to congratulate the 90 birthday, the HKADC more than 70 years, Shanghai Frenkel Ceramic Art Co., Ltd. will be held near future "king of flowers and birds boutique Zhang Jingshou Ceramic Art Exhibition." Zhang Jingshou 90 anniversary commemorative stamp set will be issued early in August 2008.

Zhang Jingshou 90 birthday postage postcards will be issued early in August 2008. Zhang Jingshou HKADC more than 70 years Ceramic Art will be fine album in early October 2008 publication.

Beijing Qiang sandstone TV

The factory specializing in the production of pure hand-built using natural sandstone products; relief, modeling wall tiles, carved imitation, the word can be carved with personal preferences spell of the ever-changing patterns, as long as you provide us to the construction of the installation of size, that is, we can For you to design a unique logo. And the factory will produce standardized products, not your noble products, suitable for all stages of people have. Of course, our factory can also be tailored to your carving your eyes to the long-ring logo, just like your exposure to them. Another area of the factory Wanted agents, business as soon as possible and intends to contact us!

Sandstone relief

The factory specializing in the production of pure hand-built using natural sandstone products; relief, modeling wall tiles, carved imitation, the word can be carved with personal preferences spell of the ever-changing patterns, as long as you provide us to the construction of the installation of size, that is, we can For you to design a unique logo. And the factory will produce standardized products, not your noble products, suitable for all stages of people have. Of course, our factory can also be tailored to your carving your eyes to the long-ring logo, just like your exposure to them. Another area of the factory Wanted agents, business as soon as possible and intends to contact us!

Longquan porcelain and Identification

Longquan porcelain say, we should first talk about the Longquan Kiln. Speaking of China's old porcelain kilns, five people are often the most important Song Si Ming Yao, Yu-kwan, the Colombian government. Starting in the Northern Song Dynasty Longquan celadon, it seems to be low-grade class. In fact, the quality of Longquan Guci, since ancient times, has always been collectors of all ages. Longquan Kiln Longquan, Zhejiang province in southern areas, and the adjacent Fujian Province. Han, have Ciyao, but really let the world is recognized when the Northern Song Dynasty porcelain. Longquan geographical and porcelain is named after it is followed.

Longquan Kiln Song to the Qing Shaozao more than 800 years of history, different historical periods have a distinctive style of the times, the Southern Song Dynasty Longquan Kiln more of its Yingrunruyu the powder blue and green plums that no time, was the favorite at home and abroad . Since then according to the needs of the market and people's preferences, businesses have to Longquan Kiln firing imitation products.

In China, Jingdezhen Longquan Kiln firing imitation products continuation of the longest, from the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, with the burning of solid ceramic techniques, firing imitation artifacts variety. Its greatest feature is not on the Longquan Kiln mechanical imitation products, but pay attention to glaze on the basis of the variety of objects and modeling innovation. Early Republic of China at the end of the Ching dynasty, Japan, Germany, the United States has been collected to Longquan celadon, then pour in the domestic large number of antique dealers, which triggered the Longquan Mining and ancient kiln tomb of the wind. At the same time, local development Antique Longquan celadon of wind and Shing, a group of civil Zhici artists have joined this trip. - Guangxu, Xuantong Period years, Sun Hang Fanzu Dai, the ancestral Qiu brothers system antique celadon Mingzaoyishi to in the early Liao Xianzhong county (Qingxiu only) Antique few products can be Luanzhen.

1956, Longquan Cichang resume production. Zhejiang museum a number of imitation Longquan Kiln fired after the liberation of the products, mainly on the basis of the Southern Song Dynasty artifacts Longquan Kiln shapes, such as: Beas washing, Ge furnace, Peony profiling large bottles artifacts, but imitation deliberately. 20 beginning in the 1980s, some large Longquan Cichang to antique crafts in the form of mass production Longquan celadon kiln.

In recent years, with the rise of cultural relics collection, for access to high profits, all kinds of artifacts fraud have emerged. Longquan celadon kilns of Zuowei, mainly from the following areas identification:

1. The shape of pottery

Imitation is often burned each election Longquan Kiln times the typical products, such as the Northern Song Dynasty pots of Directors, five bottles of the Southern Song Dynasty Lianban bowl, Fung ears bottles, Ge furnace, the Peony Wen Yuan Dynasty large bottles, Hand carved market, all kinds of Incense burners and other utensils. Imitation goods is little real control imitation goods in kind to burn, so modeling on the rigid lines, the lack of charm, the turning point of the neck and shoulder is very stiff, the end of the foot too tidy, with the proportion of disorders, artifacts form the specifications and dimensions of the lack of standardized .

2. Fetal glaze

Longquan Kiln glaze and fetal each era has its specific components and the corresponding Shaozao process. Longquan Kiln different times of the fetal-color, texture and detail of the slipshod, color and texture of the glaze, are different. The powder blue, plum Qingyou imitation of a fire, generally do not have to glaze chemical formula, and follow the traditional formula, that is, porcelain clay in the choice to join the plant plant ash, although the glaze is very like the texture, but reserved the lack of solid sense, often floating - Yinxian. Ming Dynasty Longquan Kiln Green beans and dark green glaze porcelain, wall thickness fetal weight, with the end of rough, modern imitation is more easily available, such products to be careful to distinguish. Zuowei artifacts an important process, is the glaze on the surface of objects to light processing, mainly in a strong acid solution corrosion, landfill and industrial technical polished. In recent years, experts and scholars on the old treatment for the injury-table, under the microscope in the high-power performance of the different imaging, summarized and concluded that raising the ancient ceramic wrongs level of science.

3. Ornamentation

Longquan Kiln products described patterns of counterfeit goods, not really a euphemism for smooth lines. Decals of the decoration, unlike the vivid and authentic. Lu Yuan Dynasty Longquan Kiln child is the most decorated of the characteristics, unique to the Yuan Dynasty Longquan Kiln Green glaze and Lu Zhe fetal red contrast, counterfeit imitation of the burning of such products, provide identification points.

4. Loaded burn method

With burning technology in the development of the Longquan Kiln each period are not the same. In pad burning tools, can be summed up just two washers and pad cake, but at different times on the mat Quanzu the site is different, leaving behind all traces of Shaozao different times. Especially during the Southern Song Dynasty Longquan Kiln products "Iron Foot," "Cinnabar foot" is often irregular. Washers traces of the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty artifacts reveal fetal Quanzu Department, revealed "Flint red." Longquan Kiln early products, is full of rare, how many remain some residual defects, mainly in Quanzu part. Therefore Zuowei often used "more in the bottom edge or slightly Cardamine Xu" or Zhannian furnace slag approach to Mengren.

Ceramics

Use of containers is fired clay pottery, and porcelain clay is fired porcelain utensils. Ceramics, pottery and porcelain is a generic term. All clay and porcelain clay with these two different kinds of clay as raw material, after ingredients, molding, drying, roasting process, and other artifacts made of, can be called ceramics. Shaozao pottery and porcelain industry commonly known as the ceramic industry.

As early as the Neolithic Age 10,000 years ago, our ancestors had invented and widely used pottery. Xianren Dong years in Jiangxi Province, the site excavated pottery, the scientific determination about the relics before 8800, is currently the earliest pottery found in China. Porcelain was invented in Shangzhoushidai, and now has 4,000 years of history.

Ceramic Road

"Ceramic Road" is the ancient Japanese ceramics scholar last three men, in the 1960s by a Japanese cultural mission in the Middle East an important member in Fustat (now Cairo) of the archaeological excavations, a thoroughly open the The ceramics are infatuated with the Chinese people's hearts the feeling. So he will be all over the world for many years in China's ceramic archaeological achievements, on the "Ceramics of the Road" This impact on the world of ceramic works, its far-reaching significance. He ceramics in Japan and the world of academia has won widespread praise, "ceramic road" but also let the world once again that knowledge and understanding with the Chinese name of "china".

Silk Road

"Silk Road" (The Silk Road) began the Western Han Dynasty, the then capital of Xi'an, the Hexi Corridor, along the ancient city of Loulan, the Alashankou, to Central Asia, West Asia, arrived rest in peace, Daqin, and other places, of course, this is "Silk Road "the most important one channel; In addition, in China's southwest and southeast along the South also exists. Therefore, the "Silk Road" after the geographical features are: deserts, grasslands, high altitude, mountains, plains, oceans, holds that countless hardships and Suanchu. "Silk Road" because of silk and hair, then gradually evolved into a cultural way, the modern name for its "Asia-Europe continental bridge" to become the world's many cultures of maternal-fetal. In this way, communication is the most successful religion. Since the Western Han Dynasty Zhang Qian mission, the mission Ganying Daqin, BC 60 doomed to the historical moment in the history of China flashing brilliant. The subsequent years, "spring breeze through Yumen Pass", a "less-jun urged to drink a glass of wine, the West has to Yang Guan Lee," a new type of diplomatic relations. Is this path, let the Chinese people understand the Persians, Arabs, Greeks, Romans, Japanese, Koreans, Indians and the Europeans Road……

"Silk Road" and "ceramic road"

Silk and porcelain of the Chinese people dedicated to the world's two treasures, it has changed to some extent used by the nation's way of life and values. The Islamic nation by China's big Qinghua Ci-Shengfan with vegetables, and many people enjoy around a circle of common Xide, the Philippines, and other Chinese ceramics as a nation will pay homage to Shenwu; Africans will be decorated Chinese porcelain in mosques, palaces and other construction On. Ancient Rome will be China's silk as a high society and the luxury Guifu, and in the first century AD before and after the trigger with a silk between moral arguments. Silk and porcelain as a material product, its significance can be used not only as this can wear on the thus extended by two road, completely changed the relationship between China and the world.

Ming dynasty chaozhou ceramic

Ming dynasty produced fine white glaze of success, with copper for the color of the single-Seyou porcelain produced successful, the Ming Dynasty porcelain colorful. Ming Dynasty porcelain glaze increase the diversity of methods, indicates that China Zhici technology continues to increase. Chenghua years Youxia a burned out in blue and white contour lines to add color Glazed "Doo Choi," Jiajing, Wanlinianjian fired into the blue and white Goubian not directly use a variety of color depicting the colorful, are well-known The treasures. Qing Dynasty porcelain, is a remarkable achievement in the Ming Dynasty on the basis of further developed, Zhici technology to achieve the glorious realm. Kangxi, the three-color, multicolored, Yongzheng and Qianlong, the Fencai, Falang Cai are Wenmingzhongwai boutique.

You Xia in the Ming Dynasty blue and white contour lines Glazed add color and firing a porcelain, blue and white and color as Youxia Glazed painting Zhengqidouyan, Gu Ming, "Choi Doo."

Qing Dynasty imitation copper enamel painting fetal effects of a porcelain. Falang Cai also known as the "Liu Cai."

Ancient Chinese ceramic glaze

Ancient Chinese ceramic glaze development is never a glaze to glaze, from single to multi-Seyou Seyou, and then by Youxia to Glazed Choi Choi, and gradually developed into Youxia Glazed with a painting of multicolored , Choi Doo.

You Xia Cai Caici generally fall into two broad categories and Glazed Choi, in the first painting on fetal Blank good design, glazing into the kiln after the Caici Shaolian called Youxia Choi; Enameling after the porcelain-kiln firing again Painting, baked by the open fire burning from the Caici, called Glazed color. Ming-famous Qinghua Ci is a Youxia Choi.

Song Dynasty porcelain

Song Dynasty porcelain, in the Tai Zhi, glaze and production technology, there has been new increase, burning ceramic technology reaches full maturity level. In the technical process, a clear division of labour in the country's development of porcelain an important stage. Song Wenmingzhongwai many of the Ming Yao, Yao Zhouyao, Cizhou Yao, the kiln in Jingdezhen, Longquan Kiln, Yue Yao, Jian Song Dynasty kilns and called the five major Ming Yao Yu, the official, Columbia, Jun, will have their products Their unique style. Yaozhou Yao (Tongchuan in Shaanxi) products beautifully, Taigu thin, enamel layer Yunjing; Cizhou Yao (Hebei Pengcheng) to dump a magnet for the blanks, also known as porcelain demagnetizer. Cizhou Yao spent more than the production of porcelain and white porcelain; kiln in Jingdezhen of the thin-quality products of China, to exquisite light, white and translucent high degree of Song Ci pushed for the works on behalf of one of the Longquan Kiln products for more than powder Green Tsui or green glaze beautiful bright; Yueyao fired porcelain fetal thin, Qiao under the meticulous, shiny appearance; kiln built by the production of black porcelain is one of the Song Dynasty Mingci, such as paint Heiyou Bright; Ru to the Song Dynasty The highest in five Ming Yao, Dan Qing porcelain glaze to the main color, color Qingrun; GUANYAO people whether there has been a controversial issue, most scholars believe that GUANYAO is Bian Jing GUANYAO, Bian kiln in Beijing, porcelain produced for the court ; Geyao Shaozao where people have been controversial issues. According to information on all aspects of the analysis, Geyaoshaozao locations may be the biggest and the Northern Song Dynasty GUANYAO with production; Junyaoshaozao the color of porcelain more to Carmine best Green and Mose porcelain is not bad; Dingyao production Fetal fine porcelain, of a thin, bright, colored porcelain moisture, white glaze like powder, said white powder determined or set.

Ceramic's rhythm of the production process

Ceramic's rhythm of the production process. Rhythm and that is balanced, refers to the production process from the final vote expected completion products to stock and the various stages of the production process can be maintained according to plan, carry out a rhythm for the same time intervals, producing roughly the same number or Increasing the number of products, to avoid pre-song after the bear, that is the beginning of Wanbu Cheng task, the end of overtime to complete tasks surprise that the anomaly occurred. Balanced production, to take full advantage of equipment and manpower to prevent the surprise rush, to guarantee and improve product quality, the backlog and all kinds of funds to avoid losses and waste, will also help enterprises to maintain production safety and the normal production order.

The rhythm of the production process should be reflected in raw material inputs, production and manufacture products following three aspects. Rhythm of calculation is produced by the original, and the production of billets into the basis of rhythm, and rhythm of the people voted and production of rhythm is the rhythm of producing a reliable guarantee. Therefore, ceramics enterprises should strengthen the Organization's work plan so that all production processes are coordinated, timely attention to feeding, timely molding and baking time, production and day-to-day preparation and production control.

Ceramic's proportion process

Ceramic's proportion process that is in the whole process of ceramics production, the basic production process with supporting the production process between the various stages of production, between the various processes in production capacity, maintain a certain ratio. This is the objective economic laws of demand, but also organizations ceramics the inevitable result of modern production. Maintain the continuity of the production process, ceramic enterprises to take full advantage of the manpower, equipment and manufacturing space, reducing products in the production process in the park waiting for time to ensure that all aspects of a balanced manner, to produce complete sets of products.

In order to maintain the proportion of the production process, plant design or production system design, it is necessary to correct provisions of the various links of the production process, various machines and equipment, and the number of workers in various trades and the ratio between production capacity. In ceramic production, the link between the proportion of relations should be maintained: Blank Body of ability and molding ability, capacity and Green adobe forming drying capacity, ability to molding and sintering capacity, painted white porcelain manufacturing capacity and capacity, production The ability to process all kinds of equipment, equipment maintenance and basic production. Yuanrancailiao with the ability to provide basic needs of production, process and testing process, during transport and so on the ratio.

The proportion of ceramic enterprises design, the technological transformation of existing factories, production equipment of all kinds of innovation. Production plans and arrangements for the organization of daily production is of great significance. Ceramics production in the development process, due to the introduction of new technology, changes in product mix, improve the quality of raw material conditions change and technology innovation, and so on, will alter the ratio between the emergence of new imbalances. Therefore, we must take measures to strengthen production organization and promptly adjust the ratio of non-conforming phenomenon, the proportion of the establishment of a new relationship to adapt to the changing circumstances to ensure that the development of ceramics production.

Continuity of ceramics production process

The continuity of ceramics production process. That is, products in the production process of the various stages, moving between the various processes, the timing is closely co-ordinated, continuous, with little or no interruption in the phenomenon. This means that the whole process of ceramics production target will always be in the labour movement, and little or no to pause and wait for the phenomenon. And to enhance the continuity of ceramics production process, can shorten the production cycle and reduce the number of products, speed up the flow of liquidity; can make better use of materials, equipment and production area, reducing products in the park waiting for when that may occur Losses will help to improve the quality of the products.

Ceramic products of the continuity of the production process at different stages of the production performance of the different features. Mud process of a single product, is mass production, a high degree of mechanization, labor objects belonging to the continuous flow, but the production of transportation operations account for a large proportion of raw materials, parking, waiting for a long time. Process is a multi-stage small mass production, more products of different specifications, labor targets in the cycle, taking it in turns to continuous state. Baking process is carried out in the kiln, into the green body bulk, bulk exports of finished products, in a cyclical state of continuous production.

Ceramic enterprises for mechanization and automation level is not high, handling the heavy workload characteristics, to ensure and enhance the continuity of its production process, first of all, in business and have a workshop within the process line with the overall layout of the order, so that the production process by After the shortest possible route, reducing factory transport distance and time; second, to improve the transportation of mechanization and automation levels, reduce workers handling of the third, to make technical preparations for production and daily production services, reduce stopping The time to be expected.

Ceramic the basic requirements of the production process

Ceramic enterprises in order to ensure a smooth production process, the production process must be scientific and rational, so that the whole process of ceramics production stage of the process, various production processes and procedures have asked the convergence and close coordination so that the products in the The shortest trip in the production process, the time at least, the cost of the smallest and most effective.

Ceramics production process of a lower level

Ceramics production process of a lower level of professionalism and collaboration. For a long time, ceramic industrial enterprises ask for mutual cooperation with the level is not high, Daer Quan, a small but complete "all" than the major factories, auxiliary services in the specialized, low levels of society. Almost all enterprises such as ceramic materials, molding, firing, painting, packaging and machine repair workshop and, such as Section, which makes equipment can not be fully utilized, the lower labor productivity. In future, in accordance with the principles of specialized coordination of our ceramic industry enterprise organizational structure, to rationalize the organizational structure to potential.

Ceramics produced during the production of gas

Ceramics produced during the production of gas, dust, solid waste and industrial wastewater pollution of the environment more seriously. At present, China's ceramic industry used by the kiln and more to coal and heavy oil as an energy source, will emit a lot of smoke, enterprises have to strictly control the concentration of dust and sulphur dioxide concentrations, bring it into line with state allows the discharge standards. And strive to use gas burning kilns, to reduce atmospheric pollution. Blank molding repair shop should be equipped with vacuum cleaners, to avoid dust pollution. Extra-mud from the wastewater should be recycling, re-use, waste-tray, waste recycling tiles should also try to smash, continue to be used.

Transport ceramic enterprises is an important link in the production process

Transport ceramic enterprises is an important link in the production process. Ceramics production process wide variety of raw materials used to produce the semi-finished and finished products and generated more than expected, waste, a large number of transport a large quantity characteristics. In addition, in the process of ceramics production operations, transport also occupy important weight. Such as: the ball mill loading, unloading machine pressed mud, mud and semi-finished billet of transportation, parts of the molding Enameling, and so on. This requires ceramic enterprises in the site selection on the one hand, space layout, the factory transport routes and other aspects of the arrangements reasonable to minimize traffic, while seeking to achieve the operation of ceramic enterprises mechanization and automation, reducing the labor intensity of workers.

Ceramics production need to consume a large amount of energy

Ceramics production need to consume a large amount of energy. Ceramics production process, the Body of porcelain, glass layer of glaze to be around in 1000 ℃ under high temperature, ceramic household ceramics and electrical workers in need of firing more than 1300 ℃, coupled with various mechanical and electrical consumption needs Energy and access to power. Therefore, the ceramics production process need to consume a large amount of energy. According to statistics, industrial ceramics production costs, fuel to over 30 per cent in China, the average cost for fuel costs as much .

Ceramic sculpture

Ceramic sculpture : It is a decorative ceramic. Generally refers to the independence of the three-dimensional sculpture of ceramic products, the need Moyin, mosaics and hand-Lou, pinch, a heap of plastic, sculpture, and other technical operation and firing at high temperature. Since the operation of different ways, generally at Yuandiao, relief, the reactor carving, Loudiao, carved inlay, carvings and other types of Jingdezhen Cidiao its production can be traced back to 1000, "lion", "like" animal production. Contemporary Jingdezhen, Cidiao technology skills, processes a broad range, garden birds, pinch carving, Loudiao, relief, such as product diversity, respect god statues, flowers and Yu Chong, Tingtailouge, animal toys, etc.; sleek, shape Both God, Qianzibaitai, lifelike; decorative rich, high-temperature Seyou, Youxia multicolored; strong performance art, and some let the solemn, some fresh and elegant, and some splendid Tang-huang, Xianyanduomu.

Comprehensive color porcelain

Comprehensive color: the use of techniques is a combination of a new form of decoration. It is based on work requirements, using different materials (Glazed, Youxia pigment), the performance of different methods (sculpture, painting, Seyou) and different Shaolian technology (high and low temperature) combine to achieve the overall design effect, porcelain Decorative more perfect. General Choi's works, can make full use of various techniques and the characteristics of the director of operations, to fully achieve creative intent. Therefore, it is a more satisfactory way of decoration. Its characteristics are changing flexible, colorful, all kinds of decorative forms of mutual background, complementary, Zhengqidouyan, enriching the language of art pottery.

Fencai porcelain

Fencai: also known as "soft color" is a color Glazed varieties. The so-called Glazed color, is the burning of good-glazed on the painting, re-entry by the kiln at 600 degrees -900 degrees from the temperature baking. China's traditional Glazed Choi, 52 years to the Qing Dynasty Emperor Kangxi (1713), GUANYAO Jiangshi in Falang Cai inspired and influenced by the introduction of the copper fetal enamel opaque white color material, in the process and draw on the enamel The multi-color histogram of preparation techniques to create a "Fencai" Glazed Cai new varieties. This white-color material, commonly known as "white glass." As white and multicolored glass Cai expected integration of the various color produced a "powder." A red color pink, green color into Danlv, a light yellow color yellow and other colors have become opaque light-coloured tune, and control of its accession to the amount of depth to obtain a series of different shades of color, people Run-powder soft feeling, it said Cai Glazed such as "Fencai", in the performance of techniques, from filling has progressed to the level of brightness Xiran in style, layout and technique, have a traditional Chinese paintings.

Decorative arts from the effects of view, a beautiful, Junya, Chi Chong, simple and magnificent features. All the paintings in the best performance of all, whether or freehand brushwork Meticulous, with almost all Fencai performance. In this way by painting the figures, birds and flowers, landscapes, etc., are dark, deep and the yin and yang Xiangbei points, increase the level and dimension, thus forming the elegant, sophisticated, colouring and Xiran, such as firing of steps .

Ceramic Categories

Earthenware (brickware or terra-cotta), pottery (potttery), stoneware for (stone Ware), semi-porcelain (semivitreous china), and porcelain (130 relain), raw materials from crude to refined, from the rough-green body is porous, and gradually Tight arrived, sintering, firing from a low temperature is gradually becoming high.

Soil is the most primitive lowest level of ceramics, the general in a fusible clay manufacturing. In some cases can also be added to the clinker in clay or mixed with sand to reduce shrinkage. These products sintering temperature change much, based on the chemical composition of clay contained impurities of the nature and number of them. To the brick and tile manufacture, such as high porosity, the Body of antifreeze bad performance, not too low cross Guazhu mortar, the water absorption in general to maintain 5 to 15%. After firing the color green body, decided on clay in the coloring oxides in the atmosphere and burning in Duocheng of flame burning in a yellow or red, the reduction in the flame burning in the Duocheng blue or black.

China's building materials in the green, that is, Fe2O3 containing a yellow or red clay as raw material, in the run-fire ended when the flame by reducing calcination, Fe203 reduced to FeON into green, pottery can be divided into ordinary pottery (cmmon, pottery) And fine pottery (Fine earthenware) two categories. Ordinary means Tutao pottery pots. Cans, tanks urn. And refractory bricks, and other porous colored adobe products. Body water absorption fine pottery are still 4 to 1 2 percent, it is permeable, not translucent, generally white, but also colored. Glaze use of leaded and boron fusible glaze. It is compared with stoneware, the flux of less-chou, the sintering temperature does not exceed 1300 ℃, so green body by not fully sintering; and porcelain, the lower the requirements for raw materials, blank plastic larger than the firing temperature Low. Difficult to deformation, which can simplify the forming products, with legacy and other processes. However, fine pottery the mechanical strength and impact strength than porcelain. Stoneware for small, while its glaze than the above-mentioned products to the soft glaze, when it damaged the enamel layer, the green body that is porous easily soiled and affect health.

Jing Tao Body by the different components, can be divided into: of clay, lime quality, long stone, such as four of clinker. Of fine pottery clay pottery close to ordinary. Jing Tao to calcareous limestone for flux, its manufacturing process and the long stone fine pottery similar, but less than the quality of stone fine pottery, a result in recent years has been very little production, and as long stone replaced by the fine pottery. Chang Jing Tao also known as the Rock Hard fine pottery to stone as long flux. Pottery is the most perfect and one of the most widely used. Modern mass production in many countries for the daily utensils (cups, dish-to, etc.) and health at Ngong pottery to replace the porcelain. Liu Jing Tao is hot in fine pottery pieces to add a certain amount of clinker, the aim is to reduce shrinkage, to avoid waste. This applied to large-scale and multi-blank thick fetal products (such as the bathtub, too, such as the washing pots).

Stoneware in China's ancient books-on "child-porcelain", dense green body, has completely sintering (sintering), this point is very close to porcelain. But it is not of Bose (Vitrification), there are still 2 percent below the water absorption, adobe opaque, white, but most allow burning after the show in color, so the demands on the purity of raw materials as high than the porcelain, from raw materials to Easy. Stoneware with a high intensity and good thermal stability, it is adapted to the modern mechanized washing, and can smoothly through from the refrigerator to the oven temperature radical change in the international market due to the development of tourism and catering society, Stoneware pottery-than lining greater sales.

Blank closer to the semi-porcelain pottery pieces, but still burning after three to five percent of the water absorption (genuine porcelain true porceiain, water absorption at 0.5 percent), its performance less than porcelain, pottery will have better than fine.

Porcelain pottery is a higher stage of development. It is characterized by green body has completely sintering, full glass, so it is dense, liquid and gas are non-permeable, the fetal-thin translucent, the section was Beike Zhuang, Qutian to the tongue, was smooth without being Nien Live. Hard-paste porcelain (hard porcetain) of ceramics in the best performance. High daily utensils used for the manufacturing, electricity ceramic, porcelain, and other chemicals.

Soft-paste porcelain (soft porcelain) more of flux, low sintering temperature, mechanical strength less than hard-paste porcelain, thermal stability is also lower, but its high degree of transparency, and be decorative, so many used in the manufacture of ceramic art display . As for the ceramic frit (Fritted porcelain) and the ashes magnetic (bone china), their firing temperature and soft-paste porcelain similar, with its advantages and disadvantages of similar soft-paste porcelain, soft-paste porcelain should belong to the scope. Because these two types of porcelain production in the more difficult (Body of plasticity and dry strength are very poor, firing at the serious deformation), the high cost of production is not common. Britain is the ashes of the famous porcelain production, China's Tangshan also have the ashes porcelain production.

Special Ceramics, with modern appliances, radio, aviation, nuclear energy, metallurgy, machinery, chemical and electronic industries such as computers, space technology, new energy development and advanced science and technology leap in the development and develop. These ceramic materials used in the main is no longer clay, feldspar, quartz, and some also use some blanks off clay or feldspar, but more of a pure oxides and a special performance of raw materials, manufacturing technology and performance requirements Also varies.

Ceramic development history of Chinese civilization

Ceramic development history of Chinese civilization is an important component of China, as one of the four ancient civilizations, for the progress of human society and development has made outstanding contributions to, the invention and development of ceramics more unique significance , The history of China in various artistic styles of different generations and different technical characteristics. English of "china" China has the meaning, the meaning of another ceramics, made it clear that China is "the hometown of ceramics." changaiyin As early as the Europeans have porcelain manufacturing technology over 1,000 years ago, the Chinese people has created a fine ceramics. China is the world's first one of the countries of pottery, porcelain and China because of their highly practical, and artistic and has the world's respected.

The so-called pottery and porcelain refers to Zhici malleable clay and ceramic matrix quarry to do with quartz and feldspar and other raw materials of the glaze, and through the molding, drying, firing from the products, a major daily, art, and architecture Pottery and other three. Archaeological discoveries have proven that the Chinese people as early as the Neolithic Age (about 8000 BC) invented pottery. Primitive society of advanced agricultural production enable the Chinese people's ancestors on a relatively fixed over the life of an objective on the pottery with demand. In order to improve the lives of the people to facilitate and improve the quality of life, gradually produced by a fired clay pottery.

How to distinguish between paste and hand-painted porcelain

Decals is how the case » Decal for a dedicated production plant production, not size, it is based on customer requirements or custom design their own creation, in stores selling. Production of individuals and porcelain manufacturers can be purchased straightforward, paste, and sent on to the burning. No skill, effort or cost, of workers, Xingliao, time-saving and suitable for mass production. Such as household porcelain, ceramic, etc. furnishings. Greatly reducing costs. Technology is also now widely used paste porcelain Huaci. Decals whether there are collections of porcelain, it depends on the characteristics and history of the number of size, can not generalize. Favourites to try to avoid decals porcelain. How to distinguish between Huaci paste and hand-painted porcelain. Here are some simple ways to learn. First, look at the distinctive pattern of decoration. A lot of porcelain, on, under, left, right edge, often decorated with a circle logo. The logo decals, graphics will appear generally stacked pay, dislocation, the joint gap of three conditions. Such as tanks, bowls, cups, bottles and so on. Second, look at the sometimes found lacking in color, like Chongyao too. This is due to Decal in transit, or operation Nongdiao decals on paper some of the ceramic paint Suozhi, but not necessarily arise, it is necessary to look at. Third, look at the symmetry, or the same pattern. Each local, paste Huaci basically the same. And the hand-painted certainly can not do the same. This is important. 4, spherical geometry of porcelain (such as the celestial sphere bottles), the large area for the integrity of the graphic art figures, birds and flowers, landscape, is not decals, otherwise there will be folding phenomenon. 5, blue and white porcelain water separation process done, you can not determine the decals. 6, from the color of the judgement. Whether Glazed, Youxia Decal, speaking from the process, ceramic pigment attached to the limited thickness, the depth of color are difficult to resolve. For a certain color, such as yellow, the color will appear in all of this the whole screen, will be basically the same. This is the most important difference between methods. 7, a spherical geometry of the porcelain, it's Decal, often multi-chip Decal fight block component, such as landscapes, to the overall effect of painting also add some logo. This will be the same colors (such as blue and white colors), hand-painted and decals there is the phenomenon of the same hue. If the bottle, Yuan Circle Line are decorated with hand-painted, the colors are often associated with the same kind of decals is not the same color tones. 8, decals and hand-painted porcelain at the same time, the performance of the decorative pattern from top to bottom with decals, key parts hand-painted. But this is the picture painted by extension in the Blank Paper or porcelain, artificial color again. Fish tank used more. Where porcelain spent on decals, regardless of how many, this porcelain can not be too expensive. 9, from the porcelain of the analysis, Huaci paste porcelain body regardless of whether its high-Pak Nai, most are rather rough. High daily except porcelain. Good porcelain body will not use decals. 10, Chaozhou porcelain are now seeing the decals. Moreover, Jingdezhen porcelain with Chaozhou Decal is also very common.

Porcelain tea set

Many varieties of porcelain tea sets, which were mainly: Celadon Tea, white porcelain tea, black tea and porcelain Caici with. These tea in the development history of Chinese tea culture, have had a brilliant one. ⑴ Celadon Tea production in Zhejiang to the best quality. As early as the Eastern Han dynasty years, has begun production of pure color, transparent LED Celadon. Jin Dynasty Zhejiang Yue Yao, Wu-kiln, has been a very kilns Ou scale. Song, Ming Yao as one of the top five at the time of Longquan, Zhejiang Geyao production Celadon Tea, has reached its peak period, exported around. Ming Dynasty, porcelain tea sets with more delicate texture, shape dignified, glaze Tsing-ying, Alice patterns and renowned Chinese and foreign. 16 end of the century, Longquan celadon exports of France, the French rocked the whole, people then were swept in Europe drama "Mu Yangnv" the actress Celadon Qingpao compared with the beautiful, said the Longquan celadon "Celadon" Xi Shi regarded as treasures. Contemporary, Zhejiang Longquan celadon tea have a new development and new products come out. In addition to this tea with the many advantages of porcelain tea sets, because of the color green, used to brew green tea, the more useful Tangse beauty. However, use it to brew tea, white tea, yellow tea, Heicha, tea is easy to lose their true colors, seems to be inadequate. ⑵ a blank white porcelain tea sets of dense transparent, glazing, high-fire pottery, non-absorbent, the sound-and-rhyme and so on. Because of the color white, to reflect the color of tea, heat, insulation performance moderate, plus the colourful and varied form,tea utensils in the treasures. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Hebei Xingyao production of white porcelain utensils have been "World without Guijian GM to." Bai Juyi Tang also spoke highly of Sichuan Zuoshi Dayi production of white porcelain Chawan. Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi white porcelain tea sets have been sold abroad. Today, the white porcelain tea is whole new world. This white glaze tea, suitable for all types of tea brewing. In addition, sophisticated modeling white porcelain tea sets, decorative elegance, its outer wall decorated with mountains and rivers more, the four seasons flowers, Feiqinzoushou, people stories, or made up to celebrities calligraphy, art appreciation and considerable value, so use is most common. ⑶ black porcelain tea set Black porcelain tea sets, began in late Tang Dynasty, in the heyday Song, the continuation of the yuan, the decline in the Ming and Qing, this is because since the beginning of the Song Dynasty, tea drinking Tang, JIANCHALING method has been gradually changing for the point of tea, and the Song Dynasty popular The bucket of tea, porcelain tea sets and for creating the conditions for the rise. Song Doo measure the effect of tea, tea Miantang see a flower color and evenness, "little white" for the first; look at the flower soup and tea beacon phase grounding the availability of water marks and the sooner or later, the "beacon water mark" For the last. When the Third Division to the Jishi Zhong Cai Xiang, in his "tea recorded" very aware of, say: "Depending on its fresh-looking, a great beacon for traces of water; Jian'an Doo try to water mark for the first persons Negative and durable as those wins. "And black porcelain tea sets, as in the Song Dynasty Zhu Muzhi," Fang Yu-Glance, "said the" white-brown, dark-, its easy to track post-mortem. " Therefore, the Song Dynasty porcelain black tea beacon, a porcelain tea service in the largest varieties. Jian kilns in Fujian, Jiangxi, Kyrgyzstan kiln, Yuci in Shanxi kiln, have manufactured significant quantities of black porcelain tea set, porcelain tea sets and become the main origin. The black porcelain tea sets Yaochang, built kiln production of "build beacon" most commendable. Cai Xiang "in the tea" in this way: "…… Jian'an who created the most use. His Department, or thin or the color purple Cardholder should not and also." Beacon built a unique formula, in the burning process Zhongshi glaze Tu Hao-show stripes, Partridge dot, dot, Yao, once the tea into the beacon, Can be emitted colorful scene of the glorious little to increase the bucket of tea taste. Ming Dynasty, because of "cooking," Song of the law and different, and built porcelain lamp, "it should not be used" only as "to prepare a". ⑷ Caici Tea Fancy tea color of many species, especially the most eye-catching Qinghua Ci tea. Qinghua Ci Tea, in fact, refers to the color of cobalt oxide for the Citai painted directly on the pictorial decoration, and then applying a layer of transparent glaze and then in 1300 ℃ around the kiln temperature reduction firing from the apparatus. However, the "blue and white" color "green" understanding of ancient and modern are also different. The ancients will be black, blue, green, green color, and so all collectively referred to as "Green", the "blue and white" than the meaning of modern people to Kwong. It is characterized by: Xiangyingchengqu blue and white patterns, a feast for the eyes of the sense of elegant colors You Ching Keren, instead, Yan's influence. In addition, color glaze material on the Tu, it is moisture bright, blue and white tea has added more charm. Until the Yuan Dynasty in the late Qing Huaci began mass production of tea, in particular, Jingdezhen, China's Qinghua Ci tea has become a major production. Qinghua Ci tea because of the high level of painting, especially traditional Chinese painting techniques used in porcelain, so it can be said that the Yuan Dynasty painting a major achievement. After the Yuan Dynasty blue and white tea production in addition to Jingdezhen, in Yuxi, Yunnan, construction of water, Zhejiang Jiangshan, and other places also have a small amount of Qinghua Ci tea production, but it is the glaze, Taizhi, or ornamentation, painting skills, and are not the same period Jingdezhen Tea production compared with the Qinghua Ci. Ming dynasty, the Qing Huaci tea production in Jingdezhen, such as teapots, Chazhong, tea beacon, more and more color varieties, the quality of increasingly refined, both for form, shape, decoration and so Guanjue the country and become Other blue and white tea production Yaochang imitate the target of the Qing Dynasty, in particular the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong period, Qinghua Ci tea in the development history of ancient ceramics, have entered a historical peak, beyond its former, the impact on future generations. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Huaci years produced apparatus, is Shicheng, "most of the Qing Dynasty." Looking at Ming and Qing period, because Zhici improve technology, socio-economic development, expanding exports, tea and the method of change, both blue and white tea to be a rapid development, then in addition to blue and white tea production in Jingdezhen, the more influential also Jiangxi is the Ji'an, Leping, Guangdong's Chaozhou, Jieyang, Boluo, the Yuxi, Yunnan, Sichuan will be justified in Fujian, the German, Anxi, and other places. In addition, there are many local production of the "blue and white soil," Tea, in a certain area, tea for civil use.

Porcelain tea set

Many varieties of porcelain tea sets, which were mainly: Celadon Tea, white porcelain tea, black tea and porcelain Caici with. These tea in the development history of Chinese tea culture, have had a brilliant one. ⑴ Celadon Tea production in Zhejiang to the best quality. As early as the Eastern Han dynasty years, has begun production of pure color, transparent LED Celadon. Jin Dynasty Zhejiang Yue Yao, Wu-kiln, has been a very kilns Ou scale. Song, Ming Yao as one of the top five at the time of Longquan, Zhejiang Geyao production Celadon Tea, has reached its peak period, exported around. Ming Dynasty, porcelain tea sets with more delicate texture, shape dignified, glaze Tsing-ying, Alice patterns and renowned Chinese and foreign. 16 end of the century, Longquan celadon exports of France, the French rocked the whole, people then were swept in Europe drama "Mu Yangnv" the actress Celadon Qingpao compared with the beautiful, said the Longquan celadon "Celadon" Xi Shi regarded as treasures. Contemporary, Zhejiang Longquan celadon tea have a new development and new products come out. In addition to this tea with the many advantages of porcelain tea sets, because of the color green, used to brew green tea, the more useful Tangse beauty. However, use it to brew tea, white tea, yellow tea, Heicha, tea is easy to lose their true colors, seems to be inadequate. ⑵ a blank white porcelain tea sets of dense transparent, glazing, high-fire pottery, non-absorbent, the sound-and-rhyme and so on. Because of the color white, to reflect the color of tea, heat, insulation performance moderate, plus the colourful and varied form,堪称tea utensils in the treasures. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Hebei Xingyao production of white porcelain utensils have been "World without Guijian GM to." Bai Juyi Tang also spoke highly of Sichuan Zuoshi Dayi production of white porcelain Chawan. Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi white porcelain tea sets have been sold abroad. Today, the white porcelain tea is whole new world. This white glaze tea, suitable for all types of tea brewing. In addition, sophisticated modeling white porcelain tea sets, decorative elegance, its outer wall decorated with mountains and rivers more, the four seasons flowers, Feiqinzoushou, people stories, or made up to celebrities calligraphy, art appreciation and considerable value, so use is most common. ⑶ black porcelain tea set Black porcelain tea sets, began in late Tang Dynasty, in the heyday Song, the continuation of the yuan, the decline in the Ming and Qing, this is because since the beginning of the Song Dynasty, tea drinking Tang, JIANCHALING method has been gradually changing for the point of tea, and the Song Dynasty popular The bucket of tea, porcelain tea sets and for creating the conditions for the rise. Song Doo measure the effect of tea, tea Miantang see a flower color and evenness, "little white" for the first; look at the flower soup and tea beacon phase grounding the availability of water marks and the sooner or later, the "beacon water mark" For the last. When the Third Division to the Jishi Zhong Cai Xiang, in his "tea recorded" very aware of, say: "Depending on its fresh-looking, a great beacon for traces of water; Jian'an Doo try to water mark for the first persons Negative and durable as those wins. "And black porcelain tea sets, as in the Song Dynasty Zhu Muzhi," Fang Yu-Glance, "said the" white-brown, dark-, its easy to track post-mortem. " Therefore, the Song Dynasty porcelain black tea beacon, a porcelain tea service in the largest varieties. Jian kilns in Fujian, Jiangxi, Kyrgyzstan kiln, Yuci in Shanxi kiln, have manufactured significant quantities of black porcelain tea set, porcelain tea sets and become the main origin. The black porcelain tea sets Yaochang, built kiln production of "build beacon" most commendable. Cai Xiang "in the tea" in this way: "…… Jian'an who created the most use. His Department, or thin or the color purple Cardholder should not and also." Beacon built a unique formula, in the burning process Zhongshi glaze Tu Hao-show stripes, Partridge dot, dot, Yao, once the tea into the beacon, Can be emitted colorful scene of the glorious little to increase the bucket of tea taste. Ming Dynasty, because of "cooking," Song of the law and different, and built porcelain lamp, "it should not be used" only as "to prepare a". ⑷ Caici Tea Fancy tea color of many species, especially the most eye-catching Qinghua Ci tea. Qinghua Ci Tea, in fact, refers to the color of cobalt oxide for the Citai painted directly on the pictorial decoration, and then applying a layer of transparent glaze and then in 1300 ℃ around the kiln temperature reduction firing from the apparatus. However, the "blue and white" color "green" understanding of ancient and modern are also different. The ancients will be black, blue, green, green color, and so all collectively referred to as "Green", the "blue and white" than the meaning of modern people to Kwong. It is characterized by: Xiangyingchengqu blue and white patterns, a feast for the eyes of the sense of elegant colors You Ching Keren, instead, Yan's influence. In addition, color glaze material on the Tu, it is moisture bright, blue and white tea has added more charm. Until the Yuan Dynasty in the late Qing Huaci began mass production of tea, in particular, Jingdezhen, China's Qinghua Ci tea has become a major production. Qinghua Ci tea because of the high level of painting, especially traditional Chinese painting techniques used in porcelain, so it can be said that the Yuan Dynasty painting a major achievement. After the Yuan Dynasty blue and white tea production in addition to Jingdezhen, in Yuxi, Yunnan, construction of water, Zhejiang Jiangshan, and other places also have a small amount of Qinghua Ci tea production, but it is the glaze, Taizhi, or ornamentation, painting skills, and are not the same period Jingdezhen Tea production compared with the Qinghua Ci. Ming dynasty, the Qing Huaci tea production in Jingdezhen, such as teapots, Chazhong, tea beacon, more and more color varieties, the quality of increasingly refined, both for form, shape, decoration and so Guanjue the country and become Other blue and white tea production Yaochang imitate the target of the Qing Dynasty, in particular the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong period, Qinghua Ci tea in the development history of ancient ceramics, have entered a historical peak, beyond its former, the impact on future generations. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Huaci years produced apparatus, is Shicheng, "most of the Qing Dynasty." Looking at Ming and Qing period, because Zhici improve technology, socio-economic development, expanding exports, tea and the method of change, both blue and white tea to be a rapid development, then in addition to blue and white tea production in Jingdezhen, the more influential also Jiangxi is the Ji'an, Leping, Guangdong's Chaozhou, Jieyang, Boluo, the Yuxi, Yunnan, Sichuan will be justified in Fujian, the German, Anxi, and other places. In addition, there are many local production of the "blue and white soil," Tea, in a certain area, tea for civil use.

How to identify the quality of the porcelain

1, the method of identifying porcelain There is a buy porcelain, "the word tactic" that "can" and "listen" and "than" and "test." "See" inside and outside is to carefully observe the porcelain from top to bottom again. To see whether a glazed porcelain smooth lubrication, whether scratches, holes, black spots and bubbles; two to see whether the regular shape, whether deformation; screen to see a non-destructive three missing; four look at the bottom of the formation, to be placed smooth, No Burr. "Listen" is listening to gently bomb call at the sound of porcelain. Such as voice clear, beautiful, detailed description Citai dense, non-cleaved loss, in high-temperature firing, full of porcelain. Usual dumb such as voice, we can conclude that a split Citai loss, or not entirely of porcelain, pottery such as hot and cold changes, easy to crack. "Than" is compared. The matching porcelain, to compare the various accessories, look at its shape and decorative screen is coordinated. In particular set of refined porcelain blue and white or blue and white, blue and white color because of differences with the firing temperature changes, so the same Qinghua Ci, colors have a shallow depth, and even a few pieces of dozens of sets of cold Porcelain, such as the blue and white color of a significant difference, it is much worse on the porcelain. "Trial" is covered test, test equipment, test. Some porcelain with lids, some porcelain from a combination of several components, in the selection of porcelain, do not forget to try to cover the lid, the components will be assembled to try to see if appropriate. In addition, some porcelain with special features such as water dripping from Kwun Yam, automatically dripping; Kowloon fair Cup, Zhenman liquor to a certain position, will all Louguang. So to the test to see whether its normal function. 2, the optional ceramic tableware Ceramic tableware modeling diverse and delicate smoothness, color Ming and easy cleaning, the majority of families to buy food of choice. However, on the surface of the ceramic Cai You may have a health killer. Caiyou of lead, mercury, radium, cadmium, and so are the body of harmful elements. Radioactive element radium will be anti-white blood cell count. Cadmium, lead and mercury are heavy metal, cadmium and lead will cause liver or other organs poisoning, mercury will cause liver and kidney sclerosis. The use of unqualified ceramic products, the dissolution of these harmful substances will, as the food enters the human body, Shijianyichang will cause chronic poisoning. At the same time, the production of ceramic clay must also pay attention to, poor quality of clay containing microorganisms and more harmful substances, even on Cai You will not damage human health. So the specifications and quality of products is particularly important to target the basic Caiyou ceramic no harm to the human body, it looks clean non-color pottery utensils may lay hidden danger to health. In the purchase and use of ceramic tableware, it is necessary to note the following: 1) the purchase of ceramic tableware must choose the informal market, the purchase must not Tanbian Yi no official manufacturer of low-grade products. State regulations, ceramic tableware will be placed in four percent of the acetic acid in the soaking, the dissolution of lead should not be larger than 7 mg / l, the dissolution of cadmium should not be greater than 0.5 mg / l. At present the formal basic products manufacturers can meet this requirement; 2) look at the time of purchase to the attention of the Condition utensils, cutlery hand touching the surface of the wall to see bright and clean; 3) the nose hear whether there is a smell; 4) Do not buy too bright colors of ceramic tableware. To make colorful, manufacturers in the glaze, with some heavy metal additives, so the bright colors of tableware, the easier it is of heavy metals; 5) the purchase of raw materials, more stringent control of the glaze Zhongcai, Youxia color tableware; 6) the use of utensils in boiling water before cooking with five minutes, or use vinegar soaked 2-3 minutes, tableware to the dissolution of toxic substances. 3, the optional ceramic art China's display-art ceramics, pottery and porcelain at two major categories. Tao is the main origin: Zisha Hu said in the flower pots and pottery are Yixing in Jiangsu; Taosu figures and animals in Guangdong Shiwan Kyo modeling; Tang Sancai also the production of Luoyang in Henan Province, production of Shanxi Hunyuan Heiyou pottery production Hand carved Sichuan pottery Rongchang. The main porcelain production are: to produce blue and white, Linglong, Fencai, color glaze porcelain of the four major traditional Mingci are Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province; Youxia multicolored decorative ceramic art famous for Hunan Liling; production also rained carved ceramic glaze and innovative art Shandong Zibo production Huayou porcelain and ivory in Handan, Hebei; white porcelain production of the Fujian Germany; celadon production of Longquan, Zhejiang and production Glazed Choi Huaci Chaozhou in Guangdong, production imitation of the Southern Song Dynasty porcelain art GUANYAO Zhejiang Xiaoshan, and so on. Furnishings ceramic art as a commodity, the price is not higher the better, and this requires careful to identify. You Xia and Cai Qinghua Ci, for example, depends on whether the painting work of skilled, clear, color is Yingrun, transparent, with attention to someone posing as Glazed Youxia, confused as real ones; Youxia decoration of freehand brushwork Meticulous attention must be hand-drawn, not printing , Decals and color to light. Then there to see the overall effect, whether Chou Cheng-chih, there deformation, glazed whether bright and clean, there Chromaticity abnormal. Finally, choose furnishings ceramic art during the day to light a good place, and the lighting often to error. The porcelain shells can be gently higher, listening to voices loud and clear, there are cracks in ceramic hoarse voice.

The difference between pottery and porcelain

Ceramic pottery and porcelain is a generic term. All use the clay and porcelain clay (kaolin) for the mixture of inorganic materials, molding, drying, roasting, and other ways of collectively referred to as containers made of pottery Porcelain. Since ancient times, specializing in the production of pottery and porcelain crafts as pottery handicrafts. Chinese pottery production is a long history, in Hebei Province, Xu Shuixian the ruins of the first Nanzhuang 10,000 years is a former D pottery; Lishui County, Jiangsu Province, to Mineyama unearthed the ruins of the Shenxian Dong 11,000 years ago around the pottery. China since the Neolithic culture in 8000 Has a large number of Hong Tao, Huitao, black pottery, white pottery, painted pottery, painted pottery. After entering class society, Hong Tao, Huitao, polished black pottery, painted pottery and a variety of reflecting the social reality of Health Taosu living works of art, architecture Tao mass production of components. Warring States period, invented the lead Youtao, pottery products are the low-temperature Caiyou landscaping. Tang production of a large number of three-Cai You Tao, reflecting Datang's Spirit in the face of a high artistic quality. After the Song Dynasty, You Tao artifacts gradually reduce the production and switch to production of glass building components. Since porcelain in social life so widely Use, pottery production to feed the growing but have never stopped. Porcelain is to the mid-1980s began to appear, is the earliest celadon porcelain, because of lack of maturity, also known as the original celadon. Han Qing Porcelain Shaozao gradually mature and emerging from its original state, entered the early stages of porcelain. Black porcelain began to appear in the Han Dynasty, to Sanguoliangjin the Northern and Southern Dynasties period, the South Celadon extensive development, forming a A unique style of the system. Black porcelain technology greatly improved, to enter the field of porcelain art. North Neiqiu, Lincheng, Zibo, Anyang, and other places in the Northern Dynasties period also began producing porcelain, and Invention of white porcelain. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, porcelain production began to prosperity. Song Dynasty porcelain art is a high degree of development of the period, Ding Yao, Ru, GUANYAO, Geyao, Longquan Kiln, Junyao, Jian kilns, Germany and Kiln, kiln in Jingdezhen, Kyrgyzstan, Kiln, Yaozhou Yao, Nishimura kiln, Chaozhou kiln, etc. of products each with Fengzi. Yuan Dynasty porcelain production in Jingdezhen became the center of the Yuan Dynasty porcelain, the porcelain Fuliang Process for the development of catalytic role, blue and white, You Lihong, white porcelain, and porcelain, and other high artistic level. Ming and Qing Dynasties, the local big Ciyao system gradually decline, when the production for For the people of the small porcelain workshops instead, Jingdezhen and the GUANYAO Minyao inherit the tradition of Chinese ceramic art, can make amazing stuff.

The difference between pottery and porcelain

1The raw material is a clay pottery, clay everywhere desirable, not the geographical conditions. 2 pottery produced the relatively low temperature perturbation disabilities is generally 800 degrees. 3 pottery of the density of small, high water absorption. 4 simple pottery from the general composition of pottery child, only to later on in the Tu glaze pottery. Spread the ancient Chinese, "Nuwa Tuan soil made man," the legend that long ago when people were on clay Jinshi water after a certain plasticity viscous and there is a certain understanding, because of the With the fire, started eating human food, at the earliest possible Chaidui Kaoshu animals or digging holes hot stones dropped into water, "cook" mature plants, but this time-consuming fire for not cooked. Fresh earliest full bloom Of the containers should be woven of the plant branches, but not branches of weaving Fangzaihuoshang barbecue. As Clay is not afraid of fire, the fire after becoming hard. Inspired people to make clay capacity Fangzaihuoshang hard-baked. Unearthed proof of the earliest pottery in the production of woven or wooden containers, outsourcing is applied a layer of clay, so that fire-resistant. Later that do not have to clay Inside the containers to the same molding. Jiangxi Wannian County Xianren Dong discovered ruins of pottery 1 million years ago, that in 8000 BC, before the late Paleolithic, China has A pottery. Pottery left by the fingerprint smaller, to demonstrate that women potters. Long-term practice, so that people can understand the use of clay pottery Sand can not be too much, otherwise difficult to loose molding. Pottery forming: the first in clay containers outsourcing Tu, Yong Shounie in shape, about 5,000 years ago, our ancestors had invented the mud of the build-law. That is affordable to the wet and dry Clay-scrubbing, from bottom to top into a circular disc containers, the first decoration method is limited to hand-Moping. In 4000 before the Longshan culture, has invented a slow round, that is dug in the ground Tung, installed into the top of a set of wooden sticks, wooden turn up. Slow initial round is primarily used for forming the modified blank Tao, the Tao rotating billet can be Scraping more thin, more evenly. Can To say that this is the first human master the most simple machinery. After the invention of another round of fast, fast round is primarily used for casting, until now some small ceramic kilns also use this method molding. With A ceramic technology improved gradually, gradually increasing modification methods, especially after the invention of a slow round, so that the pottery wall is thinner may be more evenly, in order to aesthetics, is also subject to the basket on Tu Tao mud into the Enlightenment, pottery on a basket pattern, I profile, Jomon, and other ornamentation, but also useful in pottery, polished pebbles, smooth or paint. There are many ways of burning kiln. Initially should be roasted in the open-Chai, which is the most primitive method of firing pottery. After the modification of Wang Tao Yao-point, that is digging the ground, used to put Tao Blank, a now In the kiln room, next to a re-dug pits, specialized Shaohuo, between the two pits dug a Zhaidao the same, that is now the Fire Road, Kiln Road between the fire room and placed operator, this is very Taoyao than before Major progress, firepower relatively concentrated, high temperature and uniformity. With these two pottery kilns burning, can improve the quality of pottery. To the Warring States Period, when the Han Dynasty, also invented the Long Yao, the kiln up along the slope repair, 10 meters or tens of meters long, closed Type, a kiln can be installed more than 100 pieces of blank births; mountains are the back-end chimneys, the middle interval with holes for firewood, burning kiln I below, when the fire burning kiln Shunpo and, like a fire dragon, Hence the name.

The difference between pottery and porcelain

Pottery forming: the first in clay containers outsourcing Tu, Yong Shounie in shape, about 5,000 years ago, our ancestors had invented the mud of the build-law. That is affordable to the wet and dry Clay-scrubbing, from bottom to top into a circular disc containers, the first decoration method is limited to hand-Moping. In 4000 before the Longshan culture, has invented a slow round, that is dug in the ground Tung, installed into the top of a set of wooden sticks, wooden turn up. Slow initial round is primarily used for forming the modified blank Tao, the Tao rotating billet can be Scraping more thin, more evenly. Can To say that this is the first human master the most simple machinery. After the invention of another round of fast, fast round is primarily used for casting, until now some small ceramic kilns also use this method molding. With A ceramic technology improved gradually, gradually increasing modification methods, especially after the invention of a slow round, so that the pottery wall is thinner may be more evenly, in order to aesthetics, is also subject to the basket on Tu Tao mud into the Enlightenment, pottery on a basket pattern, I profile, Jomon, and other ornamentation, but also useful in pottery, polished pebbles, smooth or paint. There are many ways of burning kiln. Initially should be roasted in the open-Chai, which is the most primitive method of firing pottery. After the modification of Wang Tao Yao-point, that is digging the ground, used to put Tao Blank, a now In the kiln room, next to a re-dug pits, specialized Shaohuo, between the two pits dug a Zhaidao the same, that is now the Fire Road, Kiln Road between the fire room and placed operator, this is very Taoyao than before Major progress, firepower relatively concentrated, high temperature and uniformity. With these two pottery kilns burning, can improve the quality of pottery. To the Warring States Period, when the Han Dynasty, also invented the Long Yao, the kiln up along the slope repair, 10 meters or tens of meters long, closed Type, a kiln can be installed more than 100 pieces of blank births; mountains are the back-end chimneys, the middle interval with holes for firewood, burning kiln I below, when the fire burning kiln Shunpo and, like a fire dragon, Hence the name.

The difference between pottery and porcelain

1The raw material is a clay pottery, clay everywhere desirable, not the geographical conditions. 2 pottery produced the relatively low temperature perturbation disabilities is generally 800 degrees. 3 pottery of the density of small, high water absorption. 4 simple pottery from the general composition of pottery child, only to later on in the Tu glaze pottery. Spread the ancient Chinese, "Nuwa Tuan soil made man," the legend that long ago when people were on clay Jinshi water after a certain plasticity viscous and there is a certain understanding, because of the With the fire, started eating human food, at the earliest possible Chaidui Kaoshu animals or digging holes hot stones dropped into water, "cook" mature plants, but this time-consuming fire for not cooked. Fresh earliest full bloom Of the containers should be woven of the plant branches, but not branches of weaving Fangzaihuoshang barbecue. As Clay is not afraid of fire, the fire after becoming hard. Inspired people to make clay capacity Fangzaihuoshang hard-baked. Unearthed proof of the earliest pottery in the production of woven or wooden containers, outsourcing is applied a layer of clay, so that fire-resistant. Clay was later found not necessarily justifiable. Inside the containers to the same molding. Jiangxi Wannian County Xianren Dong discovered ruins of pottery 1 million years ago, that in 8000 BC, before the late Paleolithic, China has A pottery. Pottery left by the fingerprint smaller, to demonstrate that women potters. Long-term practice, so that people can understand the use of clay pottery Sand can not be too much, otherwise difficult to loose molding.

Chinese porcelain city-Chaozhou

According to reports, the Millennium celebrations in Jingdezhen, China Ceramic Industry Association will be the honorary title of the regional characteristics of ceramic also by geographical region for all, city and county (district) and township (town), the base, which means that in addition to "all porcelain", There may be "porcelain city", "porcelain County," like. Meanwhile, the Chinese Arts and Crafts Association also said that does not require "all Chinese porcelain," there can be only one, but this title is a time-bound, like Germany and the "Chinese porcelain have," said reservations can only be five years time. Ceramic-producing areas for the "porcelain are" more likely to be taken "all porcelain," the influence and trade associations eager to "porcelain are" selected, is to take the expansion of their influence, or are there other aspects The consider this » "Porcelain are" not not have, but it should not Ningquewulan » If the 10 ceramic producing areas, all are "all", and that this "is" what significance of this."Porcelain are" naming is a big cake, but not the one who is going to have, today, this should not be a named Association, the Association again tomorrow another one named. "Porcelain are" also need to correct the name of the guide and regulate, but also the relevant state departments of planning.

Chaozhou porcelain

Chaozhou porcelain porcelain pure, delicate, white glaze, blue, shadow blue, yellow, etc. Jiangse. Porcelain products, including household porcelain, ceramic art furnishings, construction and industrial ceramics, porcelain which to display art known. Cisu, Tung flowers, porcelain flower is a unique town senior art. Cisu figures, animals, bonsai ingenious ideas and shows new, sophisticated technology, modeling generous, beautiful lines. These products are exported to Europe, America, Southeast Asia, more than 60 countries and regions.

Chaozhou porcelain

Tang has Chaozhou Green white glaze porcelain production. Song, the Beacon Hill water Chengdong East kiln production larger scale. Ming and Qing period, the main origin in Fengxi, have been Caici exports to the scale of Emperor Kangxi more years. 1915, Chaozhou Caici 000 countries in the Pacific Exposition on winning. 1950, the scale of production continues to expand and improve the quality quickly. Chaozhou, respectively in 1986 by the Chinese porcelain arts of flowers bonuses Cup Award, the Leipzig International Fair gold medal and Bulgaria International Expo gold medal. Chaozhou has become including mining, ceramics production, machinery manufacturing ceramics, pottery, scientific research and teaching of ceramic integrated areas.

Chaozhou porcelain

China Chaozhou in Guangdong and in the vicinity Xianzhen by the middle of the porcelain. Chaozhou City in Guangdong Province, East Chui Chaoshan Plain both sides of the Hanjiang River, is the history of porcelain production and a major exporter. Flying the outskirts of a mine-yan porcelain clay, rich in resources, quality, Chaozhou constitute the basic conditions for the development of porcelain.

Chaozhou China

Chaozhou is located in the eastern part of Guangdong Province, bordering West and Fujian, the state historical and cultural city, a famous hometown of overseas Chinese, opening up tourist city, has been called the "Riviera Zou Lu", "Ling-hoi of state," said. The city's total area of 3,614 square kilometers, the total population of 2.47 million people, the Chaoji overseas Chinese living abroad, the Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots about 230 million people. Chaozhou formed a long history. Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty and a six-year (AD 331) since the establishment of the County, has been 1600 years of history, when dismantling the Sui Dynasty established in the county, said only "Chaozhou." Before the founding of New China, Chaozhou are past the county, county, state, Road, House of Zhisuo, ranked the eastern Guangdong region's political, economic and cultural center. In the long history of a long, long-term foreign exchanges and cultural exchanges, so that the local indigenous culture and the surrounding culture, the Central Plains culture, marine and cultural exchanges between infiltration and formed a unique style of the local culture - the cultural tide, with local characteristics Clear, structural integrity, wide range, high grade of the cultural landscape. 728 cultural relics, and Chiu Chow, Chaozhou Gongfu Cha, Chaozhou big gongs and drums, Chiu Chow opera, and other "tidal word" brand, Chaozhou a rich and varied tourism resources, has always been there "-not to Chao, Wang Fei Zou Yizao"'s reputation . Chaozhou unique folk culture. Chaozhou dialect, Chaoju, Chaozhou music, the percussion of Chaozhou, Chiu Chow, Chaozhou Gongfu Cha, Chaozhou and other folk customs, all with a distinct Local Color, contains rich legacy of the Middle Ages, Chaozhou and was sinologist as "a culture of the Central Plains Code cabinet . " Chaozhou technology talent. China's four major influx of embroidered name embroidered in the importance of an embroidered Guangdong, China Chaozhou wood carving is one of the two carvings, ceramics Chaozhou in the process, "White Ruyu, thin paper, that if a mirror, such as fine silk, such as Voice Has been exhausted, "Kyo, Chaozhou has become China's ceramic exports of the main bases. Chaozhou numerous cultural relics. The city's existing 728 cultural relics, including key national heritage preservation unit 5, the provincial focus on heritage conservation units 11, two key cities and counties heritage preservation unit 55, is the eastern Guangdong heritage vibrant place. Five key national heritage conservation unit was established in the Southern Song Dynasty, one of China's four major Old Bridge, known as the world's first one-stone bridge hoist the Guangji Bridge, the domestic construction of the Song Dynasty rare Hsu Fu Fu Di Ma House, Was built in the Tang Dynasty, in eastern Guangdong Province堪称Buddhist centre Kaiyuan Temple, Chaozhou-epitomize the carvings have been slightly Huang Gongci, reflecting the Song Dynasty Ceramics Chaozhou prosperity of the Beacon Hill Song kiln ruins. Focus on heritage conservation in the municipal units built in the Song Dynasty, the oldest existing in China, the most complete preservation of the great Tang Dynasty writer Han Yu's Korean Gongci built in the Ming Dynasty, the total length of 2.6 km of the ancient city wall, Guangzhou Yuexiu have Zhenhai Lou Hill of the famous Ming Dynasty architecture, such as Guang-Ji Cheng Lou. There is also the largest domestic construction area of the Thai Fodian, a collection of precious historical relics, such as desalination floating heritage homes. "Chaozhou eight scenic spots," Phoenix when rain, Xiangqiao spring up, the alligator crossing autumn wind, the North Club Fodeng, Lung Qiushui pagodas, and other attractions, such as beads scattered on both sides of the strait Hanjiang River, the ancient city wall and 2.6 kilometers, Waterfront Promenade and the well-preserved ancient city The ancient residential group together, constitute the ancient city of Chaozhou the magnificent cultural tourism scene. Chaozhou beautiful natural scenery. The ancient city of Beacon Hill area, Jinshan, HULUSHAN for the three-arch, around the city over the Hanjiang River, Shanguangshuise very pleasant. Phoenix Mountains north of the main peak 1,497 meters above sea level, the highest for the eastern Guangdong, China Oolong tea is a land of the birthplace She nationality and ethnic minorities, rich minority customs. The mountains are over ten meters high, covering more than Yimu, aged over 600-year-old Wang Song of tea, the Peak area of 60 mu is the ancient crater Phoenix Tianchi, commonly known as "Tetrapod fish," the newt rare animals in the pool Cruise. Sang Pu western foothills are rich in hot springs, spa, Merlin Lake, rice paddies, there are different forms, the shape of Eagle, seals, toads, a five Qiuhuang the ancient sea landscape, the eastern part of Zhelin Bay habitats are only tens of thousands of Chinese Egret "Egret heaven," the country's largest breeding base for the Internet me "sea ranch", clear water and blue sky of the Golden Lion Bay Beach, are tourism and leisure holiday destination. Chaozhou tourism facilities. The city has 17 travel agencies, in which the international community four (two travel agents abroad), the country's 13, qualified by the National Assessment of the nearly 200 full-time guides, cooks over 1,000 Chaocai, 18 foreign-related hotels, Room 2000 Odd. There are Shanfen Highway, State Road 324 lines, GuangMeiShan Railway passed, the city coaches, taxis, tricycles, all-weather day and night to provide shuttle service, transportation convenient. Tennis, bowling, golf fitness, and other entertainment venues everything to meet the recreational needs of visitors. In recent years, Chaozhou actively implemented, "Wang Shi tourism" development strategy, to create China's outstanding tourist city, the successful launch of the ancient city of cultural tourism, tourism, and other popular science features tourism routes, attracted a large number of tourists both at home and abroad. Along with economic development and the deepening of reform and opening up, China's Chaozhou这颗south coast of the Pearl of culture, will distribute more dazzling glory.

Chaozhou culture

Chaozhou, people will naturally think of the Korean Official Temple, the son Gordon Bridge, Chiu Chow, Gong Fucha. Chaozhou gave me the impression that familiar and unfamiliar! Chaozhou is because people are familiar with Cape Habitat PRD, Chaozhou diet swept the major north-south, but also there are many celebrities; stranger was due to lack of understanding of Chaozhou and does not understand the history of Chaozhou, is the main cultural Chaozhou do not understand! Chaozhou City is a national historical and cultural city is the birthplace of cultural tide. As history humanities heyday bred a unique local characteristics of the culture of Chaozhou, Chiu Chow opera, Chiu Chow music, the percussion of Chaozhou, Chaozhou ceramics, embroidery and wood carving Chaozhou, Chiu Chow, Gongfu Cha, etc., are all well-known both at home and abroad. "March 8" Women's Day, the Office of the comrades and I went to visit and study in Chaozhou, whether it is ambling along the streets, Tour "Chaozhou eight scenic spots," or taste Chaozhou snacks, went, the cause for which is a Yinyun Profound historical and cultural implication. 1, Chaozhou has a long history. Chaozhou blend of humanity since ancient times, gives birth to a multitude of excellence, known as "Ling-hoi of state", "Zou Lu waterfront," the reputation and history in "The Sound of the 10" and "Han Yu Zhi Chao" story. Tang and Song Dynasties, Han Yu, Wen Tianxiang, Lu Xiufu, Li Deyu, and other historical and cultural celebrities have to stay in the footsteps of Chaozhou. According to historical records, Chaozhou formed very early, at the Eastern Jin Dynasty and a six-year, which is 331 AD, the distance is 1669. County officials said the earliest the East, will soon be just another gun. By the year 591, that is, the Sui Dynasty emperor opened 11 years ago, renamed the Chaozhou-gun. Future generations a poem: "The tide in the sea at its south." Chaozhou, for justice is the "tidal reciprocating means." Chaozhou in the name of the official, this time from the start. After 1,400 years, are used for the title. Chong-frame of six years is the Chaozhou House exempted most of the county, the jurisdiction of Hai Duong, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping, Hui, Chenghai, Puning, Yuan Ping, Cheng Township, Tai Po, the town-a total of 11 counties. Chaozhou in succession to the history of the county, state, Road, House Zhisuo, is the eastern Guangdong region's political, economic, cultural centre, Fujian, Jiangxi, eastern Guangdong Hanjiang River and distribution center for goods of origin of overseas trade. Second, Chaozhou culture goes back to ancient times. Chaozhou culture is the history of Chaozhou House seat (now the Chaozhou City) as the center, now including Shantou, Chaozhou, Jieyang City, a three regional culture, despite some differences around, but the mainstream and is consistent with the origins, is an ancient and unique Cultural system. According to archaeological discoveries, as early as seven, Ba Qiannian ago, the ancestors to Chaozhou to create a "culture of Xiangshan" (Nan'ao Island), then discovered "Chen cultural bridge" (Chaoan, since about 50, 6000BC), " Hill culture "(Puning, since about 40, 5,000-year) and the" floating foreshore culture "(Raoping, now about 2, 3000 years). These include the ancient culture in the creation of human labor in the stone, Guqi, pottery and other production tools and daily necessities, and in the "floating foreshore culture," a bronze in the Central Plains and the Chinese products and a symbol of cultural integration. This phase of the new basic Paleolithic culture of the ancient Baiyue. As Chaozhou, located along the southeast coast and residing in Fujian, Guangdong, at the junction of the two provinces, Fujian, not only by the impact of culture, but also by the impact of Guangdong culture, and the Central Plains culture flow also broadcast this accumulation and formation of a unique culture. Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties is the Chaozhou culture and a sophisticated time. Chaozhou many of the cultural relics, wide range, quaint architecture, each with a grid. Such as Kaiyuan Temple was built in Kaiyuan 26 years of Emperor Xuanzong (738), the largest for the Chaozhou ancient buildings, known as eastern Guangdong, known as the first ancient temples. Temple also saved a Tang Dynasty stone Jingzhuang, governance and the Song Dynasty, between the large bronze bell, the Yuan Dynasty in Thailand for the stone incense burner, the Chiu Chow Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty carved wooden pagoda 1000 Yuci the Yongzheng Emperor Qianlong edition "Tripitaka", and so on a number of Precious relics. Third, the unique charm of Chaozhou dialect. I think the Chaozhou dialect is the charm of the influx of highly cohesive groups. Chaozhou dialect that is Chaozhou, a dialect of Chinese language, one of the eight Taiwanese language. Its rich vocabulary, humor, lively and full of strong performance, and save a lot of elements of ancient Chinese, was known as "Hoklo language" or "old school language." According to historical data set, the phrase initial wave Yuqin. Han period, forming in the Tang, Song, by the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, to form their own independent language system. Central Plains is the main ancient Chinese, mixed asked dialect, phonology and now the Taiwanese substantially the same. Chaozhou dialect has its own dictionary, "Chaozhou dictionary" and "15-language tide" on the books in local languages. Now the Chaozhou and the Taiwanese people can still use some simple life dialect exchange. And Chaozhou people no matter where, as long as it stresses the Chaozhou people will be referred to as "their own people." Of Chaozhou people, Chaozhou it is to maintain the ties of affection, a great cohesion. Many of the Chaoji Chinese residing at home and abroad have their own home has a unique feeling. Hometown economic prosperity, and promote the culture of Chaozhou, seems to be the birthright of the people of Chaozhou duties. Chaozhou people for traces of the Quartet, but no matter how far away from home, the influx of people who live in, to retain almost all of the Xiangyin, rural customs (including some in Chaozhou local customs have disappeared). Some people say that there is a sea of Chaozhou people. At present, Chaozhou, a total of 2.3 million Chinese and overseas Chinese Brigade, Hong Kong and Macao compatriots all over the world. Ju Jia Li Ka-shing business, the International Sinology Masters Rao Zongyi, the renowned world famous photographers Yitan Chen Fuli are Chaoji people. Chaozhou people even leave their homes background, it still did not forget to return their own home. We visited in Chaozhou City, to see that many of the schools, hospitals, roads, bridges, welfare and recreation facilities are the construction of these overseas Chinese. According to incomplete statistics, since reform and opening up, Chinese at home and abroad to set up public welfare undertakings in Chaozhou more than 2,600 cases, the contributions ultra 1 billion. Including the construction of new schools by more than 610, worth 470 million yuan; expansion of the construction of 26 hospitals, donated a large number of advanced medical equipment, accumulated 108 million; 85 bridge construction, road 278, the establishment of cultural and sports projects 230; only To repair cultural relics and other public welfare undertakings will be invested over 200 million yuan. 40, Han Yu of Chaozhou and cultural impact. Chaozhou in the monuments everywhere see "surnamed Han," This is the great Tang Dynasty writer and thinker Han Yu derogatory to do with the Chaozhou-related. Chaozhou Korean Gongci the incense 800 years continuously, whether past or modern Chaozhou, have preferred to Korean Gongci, all to the Chaozhou Daguanguiren to visit the viewing Muming, Korean Gongci are regarded as historical and cultural city of Chaozhou Signs. Han Yu was in when he was banished to the Tang Chaozhou, although the influx Zhou Cishi only a short period of eight months, but his weight during his term of office to the Xingxue, "Kai-Ling Qiao Ru wind" on the history and culture of Chaozhou development of a far-reaching effects. Han Yu in Chaozhou tenure, not only the weight Xingxue, but also flooding Crocodile pesticides, agricultural concern Sang, money-servants, the extension of the division Xingxue, and so on. Han Yu to Chaozhou, then not only accelerated the Central Plains culture and the integration of local cultural exchanges, the Chaozhou won the "waterfront Zou Lu", "Lingnan a gun" reputation. During the visit Korean Gongci, see carved in stone pillars east of the Cinei appear on the "production Buddha were made by the tired 1000, Ice Cold Blue customs, from Confucianism Qiao Hai Feng Kai; only to officials in August; Chao-ping Crocodile Houzhu, this Incense times Yng-Jou "This couplet, profoundly understand the Chaozhou people of Han Gong gratitude. Han Gongci in the vicinity of shopping, the store owner can be found Han Yu Suikou recite the verses; heard that some self-employed owner can Wuwennongmo, Yinshizuofu it. Last year, the provincial party secretary Zhang Dejiang, Guangdong Province Wenhuataisheng Construction Work Conference that Guangdong has heavy historical and cultural accumulation, with particular reference to the South Vietnamese Wang Guangzhou, Chaozhou of Han Yu and his wife in Gaozhou, Huizhou, the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Slope, Zhaoqing of Bao Gong, and other historical and cultural celebrities on the local economy and society has had a profound impact on our province do a good job in this regard requests the article, promoting the culture of our province's economic development. Wenhuataisheng building, it is necessary to improve the culture , creating a unique brand culture. During a visit to the learning process, I think the Chaozhou City in the development of full use of Chaozhou culture, and constantly tap their own potential and strive to shape a city's image, raising the city's cultural quality to be learned from a lot of places. Has two main areas: First, focus on the development of cultural tourism for details. Chaozhou City in a unique human landscape-based, and constantly enrich the cultural connotations of the tourism industry. The city in the capital increase to strengthen the protection of historical relics and construction, focus on integration of different characteristics of the Korean Temple, North Pavilion, West Lake, East Lake, the Phoenix area and five continents to mark the ancient city wall for the Riverside promenade resources Advantage, with the doors wide economic Chenglou, Guangji bridges spots even as one form to Hanjiang River as the center of the tourist areas. This year, Huizhou City is also actively integrate tourism resources, to Dongpo culture as one of the trunk, the concept of Luofu Road, Lung Mun peasant paintings, Dongjiang Hakka customs, the East Longitudinal (Dong-zheng) revolution and cultural integration into each other through the cultural system and tourism The integration of further enrich the connotation of Huizhou tourism. Focus on creating "Dongpo, the Dongjiang River, the East Longitudinal, Dong-zheng," "40 East" cultural backbone for the Huizhou local culture brand. Su Dongpo in Huizhou has spent two years and nine months for the Huizhou left a lot of poetry and relics, the existing Sudi Wan Yue, Gushan Su tracks, Xi Xinqiao, Dongpo Pavilion, such as six kiosks, dynasty Cloud tomb, Dongpo Well, Dongpo fishing Rockies, and other monuments; retention of a heritage Dongpo Temple Shibei and Germany are neighbors appear stone, stone and other Siwu Xie vegetarian. This year, Huizhou City building Wenhuataisheng response to the call of building a positive historical and cultural city, fully tap the cultural connotations of Dongpo, and Zhao-yun Dongpo memorial tomb for the signs, remodeling Dongpo, Zhao-yun -culture, focusing on the history of Huizhou Su Dongpo in Huizhou culture celebrities in the footsteps of Huizhou and the impact of full display. At the same time, the expansion will also fly Eling Revolutionary Memorial Park Dong-zheng, and expansion of HSBC's Shandong Revolutionary Memorial Park, the current focus of the Plaza of the proposed Dongjiang revolutionary history museum. Second is to establish cultural and economic brand. Many parts of the province give full play to local advantages, and strive to tap cultural connotations, the cultural industry as a new economic growth points. Chaozhou the economic and Chaozhou the history, culture, landscapes are closely related to the humanities. Chaozhou people who are good at the "culture of" the core into the economy to use culture to "packaging", economic development and constantly improve the quality and economic value. Such as the strength of academic research organization, held a national influence, both local characteristics of the International Seminar organized collection study, study, travel and tourism trade and economic cooperation as one of the tourism and cultural festival; publishing books and organizing special website, shooting Han Yu Guangdong Television in the works, and so on, through this series of initiatives create "Han Yu culture," brand to promote local economic and cultural development. Huizhou City in this regard has also further developed. This year the focus on building "Dongpo culture" into the economic and social development of Huizhou City strategic planning, build cultural and economic brand. Will be held "Dongpo culture" large-scale seminar, Chinese and foreign experts and scholars invited to exchange research constriction r />?? Results, by building "Dongpo culture," the idea of the problem; Tourism Culture Festival held Dongpo, make full use of "Dongpo culture" The economic value, Huizhou City to the tourism industry characteristics and bright spots. At the same time, will also build Dongpo village, the village will be modelled on the Song Dynasty architectural styles, building Li Ting, small garden, such as the history of Wuwei Xuan Su Dongpo and the Pieces of the building; modelled Dongpo -time snack shops, small Jiufang opened up a street food culture, so that tourists can enjoy Dong Porou, Dongpo liquor in the village will also set up small stage, performing and living on the east slope of drama series.