Ceramic sculpture

Ceramic sculpture : It is a decorative ceramic. Generally refers to the independence of the three-dimensional sculpture of ceramic products, the need Moyin, mosaics and hand-Lou, pinch, a heap of plastic, sculpture, and other technical operation and firing at high temperature. Since the operation of different ways, generally at Yuandiao, relief, the reactor carving, Loudiao, carved inlay, carvings and other types of Jingdezhen Cidiao its production can be traced back to 1000, "lion", "like" animal production. Contemporary Jingdezhen, Cidiao technology skills, processes a broad range, garden birds, pinch carving, Loudiao, relief, such as product diversity, respect god statues, flowers and Yu Chong, Tingtailouge, animal toys, etc.; sleek, shape Both God, Qianzibaitai, lifelike; decorative rich, high-temperature Seyou, Youxia multicolored; strong performance art, and some let the solemn, some fresh and elegant, and some splendid Tang-huang, Xianyanduomu.

Comprehensive color porcelain

Comprehensive color: the use of techniques is a combination of a new form of decoration. It is based on work requirements, using different materials (Glazed, Youxia pigment), the performance of different methods (sculpture, painting, Seyou) and different Shaolian technology (high and low temperature) combine to achieve the overall design effect, porcelain Decorative more perfect. General Choi's works, can make full use of various techniques and the characteristics of the director of operations, to fully achieve creative intent. Therefore, it is a more satisfactory way of decoration. Its characteristics are changing flexible, colorful, all kinds of decorative forms of mutual background, complementary, Zhengqidouyan, enriching the language of art pottery.

Fencai porcelain

Fencai: also known as "soft color" is a color Glazed varieties. The so-called Glazed color, is the burning of good-glazed on the painting, re-entry by the kiln at 600 degrees -900 degrees from the temperature baking. China's traditional Glazed Choi, 52 years to the Qing Dynasty Emperor Kangxi (1713), GUANYAO Jiangshi in Falang Cai inspired and influenced by the introduction of the copper fetal enamel opaque white color material, in the process and draw on the enamel The multi-color histogram of preparation techniques to create a "Fencai" Glazed Cai new varieties. This white-color material, commonly known as "white glass." As white and multicolored glass Cai expected integration of the various color produced a "powder." A red color pink, green color into Danlv, a light yellow color yellow and other colors have become opaque light-coloured tune, and control of its accession to the amount of depth to obtain a series of different shades of color, people Run-powder soft feeling, it said Cai Glazed such as "Fencai", in the performance of techniques, from filling has progressed to the level of brightness Xiran in style, layout and technique, have a traditional Chinese paintings.

Decorative arts from the effects of view, a beautiful, Junya, Chi Chong, simple and magnificent features. All the paintings in the best performance of all, whether or freehand brushwork Meticulous, with almost all Fencai performance. In this way by painting the figures, birds and flowers, landscapes, etc., are dark, deep and the yin and yang Xiangbei points, increase the level and dimension, thus forming the elegant, sophisticated, colouring and Xiran, such as firing of steps .

Ceramic Categories

Earthenware (brickware or terra-cotta), pottery (potttery), stoneware for (stone Ware), semi-porcelain (semivitreous china), and porcelain (130 relain), raw materials from crude to refined, from the rough-green body is porous, and gradually Tight arrived, sintering, firing from a low temperature is gradually becoming high.

Soil is the most primitive lowest level of ceramics, the general in a fusible clay manufacturing. In some cases can also be added to the clinker in clay or mixed with sand to reduce shrinkage. These products sintering temperature change much, based on the chemical composition of clay contained impurities of the nature and number of them. To the brick and tile manufacture, such as high porosity, the Body of antifreeze bad performance, not too low cross Guazhu mortar, the water absorption in general to maintain 5 to 15%. After firing the color green body, decided on clay in the coloring oxides in the atmosphere and burning in Duocheng of flame burning in a yellow or red, the reduction in the flame burning in the Duocheng blue or black.

China's building materials in the green, that is, Fe2O3 containing a yellow or red clay as raw material, in the run-fire ended when the flame by reducing calcination, Fe203 reduced to FeON into green, pottery can be divided into ordinary pottery (cmmon, pottery) And fine pottery (Fine earthenware) two categories. Ordinary means Tutao pottery pots. Cans, tanks urn. And refractory bricks, and other porous colored adobe products. Body water absorption fine pottery are still 4 to 1 2 percent, it is permeable, not translucent, generally white, but also colored. Glaze use of leaded and boron fusible glaze. It is compared with stoneware, the flux of less-chou, the sintering temperature does not exceed 1300 ℃, so green body by not fully sintering; and porcelain, the lower the requirements for raw materials, blank plastic larger than the firing temperature Low. Difficult to deformation, which can simplify the forming products, with legacy and other processes. However, fine pottery the mechanical strength and impact strength than porcelain. Stoneware for small, while its glaze than the above-mentioned products to the soft glaze, when it damaged the enamel layer, the green body that is porous easily soiled and affect health.

Jing Tao Body by the different components, can be divided into: of clay, lime quality, long stone, such as four of clinker. Of fine pottery clay pottery close to ordinary. Jing Tao to calcareous limestone for flux, its manufacturing process and the long stone fine pottery similar, but less than the quality of stone fine pottery, a result in recent years has been very little production, and as long stone replaced by the fine pottery. Chang Jing Tao also known as the Rock Hard fine pottery to stone as long flux. Pottery is the most perfect and one of the most widely used. Modern mass production in many countries for the daily utensils (cups, dish-to, etc.) and health at Ngong pottery to replace the porcelain. Liu Jing Tao is hot in fine pottery pieces to add a certain amount of clinker, the aim is to reduce shrinkage, to avoid waste. This applied to large-scale and multi-blank thick fetal products (such as the bathtub, too, such as the washing pots).

Stoneware in China's ancient books-on "child-porcelain", dense green body, has completely sintering (sintering), this point is very close to porcelain. But it is not of Bose (Vitrification), there are still 2 percent below the water absorption, adobe opaque, white, but most allow burning after the show in color, so the demands on the purity of raw materials as high than the porcelain, from raw materials to Easy. Stoneware with a high intensity and good thermal stability, it is adapted to the modern mechanized washing, and can smoothly through from the refrigerator to the oven temperature radical change in the international market due to the development of tourism and catering society, Stoneware pottery-than lining greater sales.

Blank closer to the semi-porcelain pottery pieces, but still burning after three to five percent of the water absorption (genuine porcelain true porceiain, water absorption at 0.5 percent), its performance less than porcelain, pottery will have better than fine.

Porcelain pottery is a higher stage of development. It is characterized by green body has completely sintering, full glass, so it is dense, liquid and gas are non-permeable, the fetal-thin translucent, the section was Beike Zhuang, Qutian to the tongue, was smooth without being Nien Live. Hard-paste porcelain (hard porcetain) of ceramics in the best performance. High daily utensils used for the manufacturing, electricity ceramic, porcelain, and other chemicals.

Soft-paste porcelain (soft porcelain) more of flux, low sintering temperature, mechanical strength less than hard-paste porcelain, thermal stability is also lower, but its high degree of transparency, and be decorative, so many used in the manufacture of ceramic art display . As for the ceramic frit (Fritted porcelain) and the ashes magnetic (bone china), their firing temperature and soft-paste porcelain similar, with its advantages and disadvantages of similar soft-paste porcelain, soft-paste porcelain should belong to the scope. Because these two types of porcelain production in the more difficult (Body of plasticity and dry strength are very poor, firing at the serious deformation), the high cost of production is not common. Britain is the ashes of the famous porcelain production, China's Tangshan also have the ashes porcelain production.

Special Ceramics, with modern appliances, radio, aviation, nuclear energy, metallurgy, machinery, chemical and electronic industries such as computers, space technology, new energy development and advanced science and technology leap in the development and develop. These ceramic materials used in the main is no longer clay, feldspar, quartz, and some also use some blanks off clay or feldspar, but more of a pure oxides and a special performance of raw materials, manufacturing technology and performance requirements Also varies.

Ceramic development history of Chinese civilization

Ceramic development history of Chinese civilization is an important component of China, as one of the four ancient civilizations, for the progress of human society and development has made outstanding contributions to, the invention and development of ceramics more unique significance , The history of China in various artistic styles of different generations and different technical characteristics. English of "china" China has the meaning, the meaning of another ceramics, made it clear that China is "the hometown of ceramics." changaiyin As early as the Europeans have porcelain manufacturing technology over 1,000 years ago, the Chinese people has created a fine ceramics. China is the world's first one of the countries of pottery, porcelain and China because of their highly practical, and artistic and has the world's respected.

The so-called pottery and porcelain refers to Zhici malleable clay and ceramic matrix quarry to do with quartz and feldspar and other raw materials of the glaze, and through the molding, drying, firing from the products, a major daily, art, and architecture Pottery and other three. Archaeological discoveries have proven that the Chinese people as early as the Neolithic Age (about 8000 BC) invented pottery. Primitive society of advanced agricultural production enable the Chinese people's ancestors on a relatively fixed over the life of an objective on the pottery with demand. In order to improve the lives of the people to facilitate and improve the quality of life, gradually produced by a fired clay pottery.